^Buckup, Paulo A. (1998). Relationships of the Characidiinae and the phylogeny of characiform fishes (Teleostei, Ostariophysi). p.123-144. In: Malabarba, L.R; Reis, R.E.; Lucena, Z.M.; Lucena, C.A. (eds.) Phylogeny and classification of neotropical fishes. 603p. Porto Alegre, EDIPUCRS.
^Buckup, P.A. 1993. Review of the characidiin fishes (Teleostei: Characiformes), with descriptions of four new genera and ten new species. Ichthyological Exploration of Freshwaters 4(2):97-154.