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Cornelius H. Hanford
Cornelius H. Hanford
	circa 1890
Judge of the United States District Court for the Western District of Washington
	In office; March 2, 1905 – August 5, 1912
Appointed by	operation of law
Preceded by	Seat established by 33 Stat. 824
Succeeded by	Clinton Woodbury Howard
Judge of the United States District Court for the District of Washington
	In office; February 25, 1890 – March 2, 1905
Appointed by	Benjamin Harrison
Preceded by	Seat established by 25 Stat. 676
Succeeded by	Seat abolished
Personal details
Born	Cornelius Holgate Hanford; April 21, 1849; Winchester, Iowa
Died	March 2, 1926 (aged 76); Pierce County, Washington
Relatives	Thaddeus Hanford
Education	read law
Signature

Cornelius Holgate Hanford (April 21, 1849 – March 2, 1926) was a United States district judge of the United States District Court for the District of Washington and the United States District Court for the Western District of Washington, and was the only Judge to serve in the District of Washington and the first to serve in the Western District of Washington. Hanford resigned in the face of an impeachment investigation by the United States House of Representatives. He was the younger brother of the newspaper editor Thaddeus Hanford.

Education and career

Born on April 21, 1849, in Winchester, Iowa,^[1] Hanford read law in 1875.^[1] He entered private practice in Seattle, Washington Territory (State of Washington from November 11, 1889) from 1875 to 1889.^[1] He was a United States Commissioner for the United States District Court for the District of Washington Territory from 1875 to 1876.^[1] He was a member of the Territorial Council for the Washington Territory from 1877 to 1878.^[1] He was an Assistant United States Attorney for the District of Washington Territory from 1881 to 1886.^[1] He was city attorney for Seattle from 1882 to 1885.^[1] He was Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of Washington Territory in 1889.^[1]

Federal judicial service

Hanford was nominated by President Benjamin Harrison on February 10, 1890, to the United States District Court for the District of Washington, to a new seat authorized by 25 Stat. 676.^[1] He was confirmed by the United States Senate on February 25, 1890, and received his commission the same day.^[1] Hanford was reassigned by operation of law to the United States District Court for the Western District of Washington on March 2, 1905, to a new seat authorized by 33 Stat. 824.^[1] His service terminated on August 5, 1912, due to his resignation.^[1]

Impeachment investigation and resignation

In 1912, Hanford became the subject of public controversy, and an impeachment inquiry by the United States House of Representatives, after a ruling in which he revoked the citizenship of an immigrant as having been procured by fraud, allegedly due to the person's Socialist beliefs. A House committee investigating the impeachment resolution heard testimony accusing Hanford of habitual drunkenness, and of having accepted financial favors from the Northern Pacific Railroad after making a ruling that reduced the company's tax liability.^[2] Hanford resigned his judgeship immediately after the testimony about the Northern Pacific transaction was completed, amid insinuations in the press that further witnesses were about to reveal even more corrupt behavior.^[3] The House committee terminated its impeachment proceedings upon his resignation.^[2]

Later career and death

Following his resignation from the federal bench, Hanford resumed private practice in Seattle from 1912 to 1926.^[1] He died on March 2, 1926, in Honolulu, Hawaii while visiting his son, Major E.C. Hanford.^[1]

Family

Hanford was the younger brother of newspaper editor Thaddeus Hanford.^{[citation needed]}

Honor

The former agricultural community of Hanford, Washington was named for Hanford.^[4]

References

^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k ^l ^m ⁿ Cornelius Holgate Hanford at the Biographical Directory of Federal Judges, a publication of the Federal Judicial Center.
^ ^a ^b Caldbick, John. "Federal District Judge Cornelius H. Hanford resigns during impeachment investigation on July 22, 1912". HistoryLink.org. Retrieved March 22, 2016.
^ Special to The New York Times (July 23, 1912). "HANFORD RESIGNS; NO IMPEACHMENT; By Agreement with Congressional Committee Federal Judge Withdraws Under Fire" (PDF). The New York Times. Retrieved March 22, 2016.
^ Meany, Edmond S. (1923). Origin of Washington geographic names. Seattle: University of Washington Press. p. 108.

External links

Cornelius Holgate Hanford at the Biographical Directory of Federal Judges, a publication of the Federal Judicial Center.
Cornelius H. Hanford at Find a Grave
HistoryLink Essay: Seattle celebrates its 54th birthday and dedicates the Alki Point monument on November 13, 1905.
Deloria Jr., V. (1977). Indians of the Pacific Northwest, New York: Doubleday. ISBN 0-385-09790-5

Legal offices
Preceded by Seat established by 25 Stat. 676	Judge of the United States District Court for the District of Washington 1890–1905	Succeeded by Seat abolished
Preceded by Seat established by 33 Stat. 824	Judge of the United States District Court for the Western District of Washington 1905–1912	Succeeded by Clinton Woodbury Howard