Consort of instruments

The Smithsonian Consort of Viols

A consort of instruments was a phrase used in England during the 16th and 17th centuries to indicate an instrumental ensemble. These could consist of the same or a variety of instruments. Consort music enjoyed considerable popularity at court and in the households of the wealthy in the Elizabethan era, and many pieces were written for consorts by the major composers of the period. In the Baroque era, consort music was absorbed into chamber music.

Definitions and forms

The earliest documented example of the English word 'consort' in a musical sense is in George Gascoigne’s The Princelye Pleasures (1576).^[1] Only from the mid-17th century has there been a clear distinction made between a ‘whole’, or ‘closed’ consort, that is, all instruments of the same family (for example, a set of viols played together) and a ‘mixed’, or ‘broken’ consort, consisting of instruments from various families (for example viols and lute).^[2]

Major forms of music composed for consorts included fantasias, cantus firmus settings (including In nomines), variations, dances or ayres, and fantasia suites.^[3]

Major composers

Composers of consort music during the Elizabethan era include John Dowland, Anthony Holborne, Osbert Parsley, and William Byrd. The principal Jacobean era composers included Thomas Lupo, Orlando Gibbons, John Coprario, and Alfonso Ferrabosco. William Lawes was a principal composer during the Caroline era. Later 17th-century composers included John Jenkins, Christopher Simpson, Matthew Locke and Henry Purcell.

Modern consorts

In modern times, a number of ensembles have adopted the term "consort" in their names:

• Armonico Consort
• The Baltimore Consort
• B-Five Recorder Consort
• Catacoustic Consort
• The Consort of Musicke
• Dunedin Consort
• Early Music Consort of London
• Gaia Consort
• The Harp Consort
• The King's Consort
• Leonhardt-Consort
• Locke Brass Consort
• The Newberry Consort
• Orlando Consort
• The Paul Winter Consort
• Quadriga Consort
• Clemencic Consort
• Ricercar Consort
• Rose Consort of Viols^[4]
• Sherwood Consort
• Southern Consort of Voices
• Taverner Consort
• The Tudor Consort

See also

• Chest of viols

Notes

1. Warwick Edwards, "Consort", The New Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians, edited by Stanley Sadie and John Tyrrell (New York: Grove's Dictionaries, 2001).
2. David D. Boyden, "When Is a Concerto Not a Concerto?" (Subscription Access), The Musical Quarterly 43, no. 2 (April 1957): 220–32 (citation on pp. 228–29); S. Sadie and Alison Latham, The Cambridge Music Guide (Cambridge University Press, 1990), p. 136; P. Holman. Four and Twenty Fiddlers: The Violin at the English Court, 1540–1690 (Oxford University Press, 1996), p. 275.
3. J. H. Baron, Chamber Music: A Research and Information Guide, 2nd revised edition (London and New York: Routledge, 2002), p. 133. ISBN 0-415-93736-1
4. http://www.roseconsort.co.uk/ Archived 2010-05-28 at the Wayback Machine Rose Consort of Viols.

External links

• Video of consort of viols
• Robins, Brian. "The English Viol Consort in the Tudor Era"
• 2008 Viol Extravaganza Collection of viol consort videos (YouTube)