Colpomenia

Colpomenia
Colpomenia sinuosa
Scientific classification
Domain:	Eukaryota
Clade:	Diaphoretickes
Clade:	SAR
Clade:	Stramenopiles
Phylum:	Gyrista
Subphylum:	Ochrophytina
Class:	Phaeophyceae
Order:	Ectocarpales
Family:	Scytosiphonaceae
Genus:	Colpomenia (Endl.) Derbès & Solier, 1851
Type species
Colpomenia sinuosa (Mertens ex Roth) Derbès & Solier

Colpomenia is a genus of brown macroalgae (or seaweed) in the family Scytosiphonaceae.^[1]

Taxonomy and Nomenclature

Colpomenia is currently composed of 11 confirmed species with Colpomenia sinuosa as its type species.^[1][2] Earlier taxonomic placements of the members of this genus have been problematic starting from the ambiguous morphological delineation up until the discovery of the polyphyly within the genus using molecular data.^[3] Two significant taxonomic revisions have been started to clarify the polyphyly within the genus. First, was the transfer of all previous members of Colpomenia with erect, finger-like thalli into the new genus Dactylosiphon based on morphoanatomical, molecular, and life history observations^[4]. Second, was the formal separation of Colpomenia tuberculata (now Encephalophycus tuberculatus) from the rest of the genus due to the stark differences in its morphology molecular phylogeny.^[5]

List of species

• Colpomenia borea Dy, M.Hoshino, T.Abe, Yotsukura, K.M.Lee, S.M.Boo, N.Klochkova & Kogame
• Colpomenia claytoniae S.M.Boo, K.M.Lee, G.Y.Cho & W.Nelson
• Colpomenia ecuticulata M.J.Parsons
• Colpomenia expansa (De A.Saunders) Y.-P.Lee
• Colpomenia mollis W.R.Taylor
• Colpomenia hasanainii Aisha & M.Shameel
• Colpomenia nainativensis Durairatnam
• Colpomenia peregrina Sauvageau
• Colpomenia ramosa W.R.Taylor
• Colpomenia sinuosa (Mertens ex Roth) Derbès & Solier (type)

Morphology

The morphology of this genus has been a great This genus is characterized by having a saccate thallus that could be globular, tuberculate, and branched; membrane thickness of about 150–500 μm; 1–3 layers of ovoidal or polygonal cells for the cortex; 2–6 layers of medullary cells; and sori that are associated with 1–3 celled paraphyses (ascocysts).^{[6][7][8][9][10][11][12]}

Distribution

Colpomenia is a cosmopolitan genera and is found from the tropics up to the Arctic.^[7][12]

Ecology

Colpomenia species can either be epilithic (attached on a substrate) or epiphytic (attached on another seaweed) and could observed from the intertidal zone up to the shallow subtidal.^[9]

Life history

There are three observed life history strategies for this genus: (1) heteromorphic diplohaplontic, the gametophyte (N) and sporophyte (2N) are both free-living and equally distinct bodies, however, the gametophyte (N) has a diminutive form and releases anisogamous (i.e., unequal in form and size) gametes to form the zygote (2N) which will later on develop into the sporophyte (2N) that will release unispores that will develop into the gametophytes (N); (2) heteromorphic, monophasic, wherein the female gamete (N) alone gives rise to the sporophyte (2N), and the female unispore develops into the gametophyte; and lastly, (3) monomorphic monophasic, the sporophyte independently regenerates through the production of plurispores while the gametophytes also independently grow via the production and settlement of its zooids.^[11][10]

Exploitation, harvesting, and cultivation

There is no known culture technology for Colpomenia species and it is not traditionally being consumed.

Chemical composition and natural products chemistry

Natural product chemistry research on this genus has revealed that it harbors important bioactive compounds (i.e., sulfated polysaccharides) that have the potential to limit tumor growth.^[13][14]

Utilization and management

This genus is not commercially utilized and it is not threatened therefore there are no management strategies applied to this genus.

References

1. Guiry, M.D.; Guiry, G.M. (2023). "Colpomenia (Endlicher) Derbès & Solier, 1851". AlgaeBase. Retrieved 18 January 2023.
2. Derbès, A.A.; Solier, A.J.J. (1851). "Algues". In Castagne, J.L.M. (ed.). Supplément au catalogue des plantes qui croissent naturellement aux environs de Marseille. Imprimerie de Nicot & Pardigon, sur le Cours. pp. 93–121.
3. Kogame, K.; Horiguchi, T.; Masuda, M. (1999). "Phylogeny of the order Scytosiphonales (Phaeophyceae) based on DNA sequences of rbc L, partial rbc S, and partial LSU nrDNA". Phycologia. 38 (6): 496–502. doi:10.2216/i0031-8884-38-6-496.1.
4. Santiañez, W.J.E.; Macaya, E.C.; Lee, K.M.; Cho, G.Y.; Boo, S.M.; Kogame, K. (2018). "Taxonomic reassessment of the Indo-Pacific Scytosiphonaceae (Phaeophyceae): Hydroclathrus rapanuii sp. nov. and Chnoospora minima from Easter Island, with proposal of Dactylosiphon gen. nov. and Pseudochnoospora gen. nov". Botanica Marina. 61 (1): 47–64. doi:10.1515/bot-2017-0089. S2CID 89931336.
5. Santiañez, W.J.E. (2022). "Encephalophycus, gen. nov., a new brown algal genus based upon Colpomenia tuberculata D.A.Saunders (Scytosiphonaceae, Phaeophyceae)". Notulae Algarum. 254: 1–6.
6. Clayton, M.N. (1975). "A study of variation in Australian species of Colpomenia (Phaeophyta, Scytosiphonales)". Phycologia. 14 (4): 187–195. doi:10.2216/i0031-8884-14-4-187.1.
7. Lee, K.M.; Boo, S.M.; Kain (Jones), J.M.; Sherwood, A.R. (2013). "Cryptic diversity and biogeography of the widespread brown alga Colpomenia sinuosa (Ectocarpales, Phaeophyceae)". Botanica Marina. 56 (1): 15–25. doi:10.1515/bot-2012-0211. S2CID 85090403.
8. Song, X.H.; Hu, Z.M.; Sun, Z.M.; Draisma, S.G.A.; Fresia, P.; Duan, D.L. (2019). "Species diversity and distribution of the genus Colpomenia (Scytosiphonaceae, Phaeophyceae) along the coast of China". Algae. 34 (3): 217–228. doi:10.4490/algae.2019.34.7.22. S2CID 203892090.
9. Boo, S.M.; Lee, K.M.; Cho, G.Y.; Nelson, W. (2011). "Colpomenia claytonii sp. nov. (Scytosiphonaceae, Phaeophyceae) based on morphology and mitochondrial cox3 sequences". Botanica Marina. 54 (2). doi:10.1515/bot.2011.017. S2CID 87472984.
10. Kogame, K.; Yamagishi, Y. (1997). "The life history and phenology of Colpomenia peregrina (Scytosiphonales, Phaeophyceae) from Japan". Phycologia. 36 (5): 337–344. doi:10.2216/i0031-8884-36-5-337.1.
11. Freitas Toste, M.; Parente, M.I.; Neto, A.I.; Fletcher, R.L. (2003). "Life history of Colpomenia sinuosa (Syctosiphonaceae, Phaeophyceae) in the Azores". Journal of Phycology. 39 (6): 1268–1274. doi:10.1111/j.0022-3646.2003.02-049.x. hdl:10400.3/2026. S2CID 221924154.
12. Dy, M.J.C.; Hoshino, M.; Abe, T.; Yotsukura, N.; Klochkova, N.; Lee, K.M.; Boo, S.M.; Kogame, K. (2022). "Colpomenia borea sp. nov. (Scytosiphonaceae, Phaeophyceae) from Japan and Far East Russia". Phycological Research. 71 (2): 81–89. doi:10.1111/pre.12510. S2CID 255076191.
13. Al Monla, R.; Dassouki, Z.; Kouzayha, A.; Salma, Y.; Gali-Muhtasib, H.; Mawlawi, H. (2020). "The Cytotoxic and Apoptotic Effects of the Brown Algae Colpomenia sinuosa are Mediated by the Generation of Reactive Oxygen Species". Molecules. 25 (8): 1993. doi:10.3390/molecules25081993. ISSN 1420-3049. PMC 7221617. PMID 32344512.
14. Heiba, H.I.; Al-Easa, H.S.; Rizk, A.F.M. (1997). "Fatty acid composition of twelve algae from the coastal zones of Qatar". Plant Foods for Human Nutrition. 51 (1): 27–34. doi:10.1023/A:1007980227542. PMID 9498691. S2CID 36011458.