Charles French (entomologist)

Charles French (10 September 1842 – 21 May 1933) was an Australian horticulturist, naturalist, entomologist and plant/seed collector who made significant contributions to economic entomology. French was the first economic entomologist in Australia and served as Government Entomologist in Victoria from 1889.

Early life

French was born in Lewisham, Kent, England, the son of John French (died 1848) and Ellen, née Tucker. Ellen remarried and the young French moved to Melbourne with his family in 1852. For some years he worked as a gold digger in Bendigo. They settled in Cheltenham, a suburb of Melbourne.^[1]

Career

French became interested in natural history and was apprenticed to a nurseryman at James Scott's nursery, Hawthorn. French became a manager of Burgie's nursery in East Melbourne (South Yarra nurseries) where he later met Ferdinand von Mueller, director of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Melbourne. In 1865 Mueller appointed French as a plant propagator to the staff at the Gardens.^[1]

In 1873 William Guilfoyle was appointed curator of the Gardens and French was placed in charge of fern propagation in the nursery complex.

French had resumed his interest in insects in 1860. In 1874 he co-authored an article on timber-boring insects which appeared in the annual report of the Department of Agriculture. This is considered the first publication on economic entomology in Victoria. In 1889 French was appointed first Victorian government entomologist and in 1891 published Part I of his A Handbook of the Destructive Insects of Victoria. He suggested the use of nicotine (tobacco water) to control woolly aphids in planting material.^[2] Four further parts were published by 1911. A sixth part was completed but not published until the rediscovery of his manuscript in 2011.^[3] French was also the author of some pamphlets, and papers by him were published in the Victorian Naturalist and other journals. In 1907 he attended the International Conference of Entomologists in London.

Late life and legacy

French retired in 1908 and was succeeded by his son, Charles Hamilton French. He was a foundation committee-member of the Field Naturalists Club of Victoria in 1880. It grew into a flourishing organization and remained a great interest to French during a long retirement. French was a fellow of the Linnean Society of London, of the Royal Horticultural Society of England and of the Society of Isis, Dresden, Germany.^[4]

French died in Malvern, Melbourne, on 21 May 1933; he was survived by his third wife, a son and daughter from the first marriage and a daughter from his second marriage.^[5]

Works

• Handbook of the destructive insects of Victoria; Volumes I-V 1891–1911; (Volume VI, with text and coloured plates, was prepared but never published.)

References

1. Hogan, T. W. (1994). "The History of Economic Entomology in Victoria from the Time of Charles French". Australian Journal of Entomology. 33 (3): 279–288. doi:10.1111/j.1440-6055.1994.tb01230.x. ISSN 1326-6756.
2. The Royal Australian Chemical Institute (23 September 2015). "Nicotine as an insecticide in Australia: a short history". Chemistry in Australia magazine. Retrieved 12 February 2024.
3. Handbook of the Destructive Insects of Victoria. Part VI. C. French. DPI Melbourne 2013
4. Pescott, R.T.M. (1981). "French, Charles (1842 - 1933)". Australian Dictionary of Biography. Volume 8. Melbourne University Press. pp. 585–586.
5. Serle, Percival (1949). "French, Charles". Dictionary of Australian Biography. Sydney: Angus & Robertson.

Other sources

• E. E. Pescott, The Victorian Naturalist, July 1933; The Cyclopedia of Victoria, 1903; The Argus, Melbourne, 23 May 1933.
• J. H. Willis, Botanical Pioneers in Victoria (Melbourne, 1949); R. T. M. Pescott, History of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Melbourne (manuscript, privately held).