Calothamnus lateralis

Calothamnus lateralis
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Plantae
Clade:	Tracheophytes
Clade:	Angiosperms
Clade:	Eudicots
Clade:	Rosids
Order:	Myrtales
Family:	Myrtaceae
Genus:	Calothamnus
Species:	C. lateralis
Binomial name
Calothamnus lateralis Lindl.[1]
Synonyms[1]
Calothamnus lateralis f. longifolius (Lehm.) Benth. Calothamnus longifolia Lehm. orth. var. Calothamnus longifolius Lehm. Melaleuca alilateralis Craven & R.D.Edwards Melaleuca alilateralis Craven & R.D.Edwards var. alilateralis

Fruit

Calothamnus lateralis is a plant in the myrtle family, Myrtaceae and is endemic to the south-west of Western Australia. It is a small, spreading shrub with long, cylindrical leaves and blood red flowers with their bases buried in the plant's corky bark.

Description

Calothamnus lateralis grows to about 1 metre (3.3 ft) high and 1–2 metres (3.3–6.6 ft) wide. Its leaves are mostly 70–100 millimetres (3–4 in) long, narrow and circular in cross section. The flowers are blood red and arranged in spikes 40–100 millimetres (2–4 in) long on one side of the stems. The flowers are buried in the corky bark so that only the tips of the sepals, the petals, stamens, stigma and style are visible. The stamens are arranged in four, narrow, claw-like bundles. Flowering can occur in almost any month of the year and is followed by fruits which are woody capsules.^[2][3][4][5]

In describing this species, John Lindley wrote:

...in this case the inflorescence is so peculiar as to deserve to become the subject of special enquiry.^[2]

Taxonomy and naming

Calothamnus lateralis was first formally described by John Lindley in 1839 in A Sketch of the Vegetation of the Swan River Colony.^[2][6] The specific epithet (lateralis) is a Latin word meaning "lateral" or "belonging to the side" referring to the flowers being arranged on one side of the stem.^[2]

Distribution and habitat

Calothamnus lateralis occurs from Perth along the south-west coast to Albany and the Stirling Range in the Jarrah Forest, Swan Coastal Plain and Warren biogeographic regions.^[5] It grows in peaty sand or clay in swamps and areas that are flooded in winter.^[7]

Conservation

Calothamnus lateralis is classified as "not threatened" by the Western Australian Government Department of Parks and Wildlife.^[5]

References

1. "Calothamnus lateralis". Australian Plant Census. Retrieved 30 November 2020.
2. Lindley, John (1839). Sketch of the Vegetation of the Swan River Colony. London: James Ridgway. p. ix. Retrieved 29 July 2015.
3. Hawkeswood, Trevor J. (1984). "Nine new species of Calothamnus Labill. (Myrtaceae: Leptospermoideae) from Western Australia" (PDF). Nuytsia. 5 (1): 124–125. Retrieved 6 August 2015.
4. "Landscape plant selection list" (PDF). District Council of the Copper Coast. Retrieved 29 July 2015.
5. "Calothamnus lateralis". FloraBase. Western Australian Government Department of Biodiversity, Conservation and Attractions.
6. "Calothamnus lateralis". APNI. Retrieved 6 August 2015.
7. Paczkowska, Grazyna; Chapman, Alex R. (2000). The Western Australian flora : a descriptive catalogue. Perth: Wildflower Society of Western Australia. p. 351. ISBN 0646402439.