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Cai graduated from Xiamen University in 1937, majoring in chemistry. He later became a teaching assistant at Xiamen University. He moved to Ohio State University by government study abroad scholarship in 1947 and earned his doctoral degree in 1950. He was forbidden to leave the United States after the start of the Korean War. The travel ban on Cai was lifted in 1955 as the result of a swap for 11 U.S. airmen held captive by China since the end of the Korean War. He then returned to Xiamen University in April 1956.[2] He studied catalytic chemistry instead of structural chemistry for Chinese national needs.
