CXCL2

CXCL2
Available structures PDB Ortholog search: PDBe RCSB List of PDB id codes 1QNK
Identifiers
Aliases	CXCL2, CINC-2a, GRO2, GROb, MGSA-b, MIP-2a, MIP2, MIP2A, SCYB2, C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 2
External IDs	OMIM: 139110; MGI: 108068; HomoloGene: 105490; GeneCards: CXCL2; OMA:CXCL2 - orthologs
Gene location (Human) Chr. Chromosome 4 (human)[1] Band 4q13.3 Start 74,097,040 bp[1] End 74,099,196 bp[1]
Gene location (Mouse) Chr. Chromosome 5 (mouse)[2] Band 5 E1|5 44.78 cM Start 91,039,100 bp[2] End 91,040,974 bp[2]
RNA expression pattern Bgee Human Mouse (ortholog) Top expressed in mucosa of paranasal sinus right lobe of liver vena cava saphenous vein cartilage tissue lower lobe of lung beta cell upper lobe of lung upper lobe of left lung gastric mucosa Top expressed in endothelial cell of lymphatic vessel left lobe of liver spermatocyte embryo embryo spermatid stroma of bone marrow islet of Langerhans trachea cumulus cell More reference expression data BioGPS n/a
Gene ontology Molecular function protein binding CXCR chemokine receptor binding cytokine activity chemokine activity Cellular component extracellular region extracellular space Biological process chemokine-mediated signaling pathway response to molecule of bacterial origin response to lipopolysaccharide chemotaxis positive regulation of neutrophil chemotaxis immune response regulation of cell population proliferation cell chemotaxis defense response inflammatory response antimicrobial humoral immune response mediated by antimicrobial peptide regulation of signaling receptor activity G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway cytokine-mediated signaling pathway neutrophil chemotaxis leukocyte chemotaxis cellular response to lipopolysaccharide Sources:Amigo / QuickGO
Orthologs Species Human Mouse Entrez 2920 14825 Ensembl ENSG00000081041 ENSMUSG00000029380 UniProt P19875 P12850 RefSeq (mRNA) NM_002089 NM_008176 RefSeq (protein) NP_002080 NP_032202 Location (UCSC) Chr 4: 74.1 – 74.1 Mb Chr 5: 91.04 – 91.04 Mb PubMed search [3] [4]
Wikidata
View/Edit Human View/Edit Mouse

chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 2
Identifiers
Symbol	CXCL2
Alt. symbols	SCYB2, GRO2, GROb, MIP-2a, MGSA-b, CINC-2a
NCBI gene	2920
HGNC	4603
OMIM	139110
RefSeq	NM_002089
UniProt	P19875
Other data
Locus	Chr. 4 q21
Search for Structures Swiss-model Domains InterPro

Chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 2 (CXCL2) is a small cytokine belonging to the CXC chemokine family that is also called macrophage inflammatory protein 2-alpha (MIP2-alpha), Growth-regulated protein beta (Gro-beta) and Gro oncogene-2 (Gro-2). CXCL2 is 90% identical in amino acid sequence as a related chemokine, CXCL1. This chemokine is secreted by monocytes and macrophages and is chemotactic for polymorphonuclear leukocytes and hematopoietic stem cells.^[5][6][7] The gene for CXCL2 is located on human chromosome 4 in a cluster of other CXC chemokines.^[8] CXCL2 mobilizes cells by interacting with a cell surface chemokine receptor called CXCR2.^[7]

CXCL2, like related chemokines, is also a powerful neutrophil chemoattractant and is involved in many immune responses including wound healing, cancer metastasis, and angiogenesis.^[9] A study was published in 2013 testing the role of CXCL2, CXCL3, and CXCL1 in the migration of airway smooth muscle cells (ASMCs) migration which plays a significant role in asthma. The results of this study showed that CXCL2 and CXCL3 both help with the mediation of normal and asthmatic ASMC migration through different mechanisms.^[9]

Clinical development

CXCL2 in combination with the CXCR4 inhibitor plerixafor rapidly mobilizes hematopoietic stem cells into the peripheral blood.^[10]

This rapid peripheral blood stem cell mobilization regimen entered Phase 2 clinical trials in 2021^[11][12] in development by Magenta Therapeutics^[13] as a new method to collect stem cells for bone marrow transplantation.

References

1. GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000081041 – Ensembl, May 2017
2. GRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000029380 – Ensembl, May 2017
3. "Human PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
4. "Mouse PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
5. Wolpe SD, Sherry B, Juers D, Davatelis G, Yurt RW, Cerami A (January 1989). "Identification and characterization of macrophage inflammatory protein 2". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 86 (2): 612–6. Bibcode:1989PNAS...86..612W. doi:10.1073/pnas.86.2.612. PMC 286522. PMID 2643119.
6. Iida N, Grotendorst GR (October 1990). "Cloning and sequencing of a new gro transcript from activated human monocytes: expression in leukocytes and wound tissue". Molecular and Cellular Biology. 10 (10): 5596–9. doi:10.1128/mcb.10.10.5596. PMC 361282. PMID 2078213.
7. Pelus LM, Fukuda S (August 2006). "Peripheral blood stem cell mobilization: the CXCR2 ligand GRObeta rapidly mobilizes hematopoietic stem cells with enhanced engraftment properties". Experimental Hematology. 34 (8): 1010–20. doi:10.1016/j.exphem.2006.04.004. PMID 16863907.
8. O'Donovan N, Galvin M, Morgan JG (1999). "Physical mapping of the CXC chemokine locus on human chromosome 4". Cytogenetics and Cell Genetics. 84 (1–2): 39–42. doi:10.1159/000015209. PMID 10343098. S2CID 8087808.
9. Al-Alwan LA, Chang Y, Mogas A, Halayko AJ, Baglole CJ, Martin JG, et al. (September 2013). "Differential roles of CXCL2 and CXCL3 and their receptors in regulating normal and asthmatic airway smooth muscle cell migration". Journal of Immunology. 191 (5): 2731–41. doi:10.4049/jimmunol.1203421. PMC 3748335. PMID 23904157.
10. Hoggatt J, Singh P, Tate TA, Chou BK, Datari SR, Fukuda S, et al. (January 2018). "Rapid Mobilization Reveals a Highly Engraftable Hematopoietic Stem Cell". Cell. 172 (1–2): 191–204.e10. doi:10.1016/j.cell.2017.11.003. PMC 5812290. PMID 29224778.
11. Clinical trial number NCT04762875 for "A Phase II Study Evaluating the Safety and Efficacy of MGTA-145 in Combination With Plerixafor for the Mobilization and Transplantation of HLA-Matched Donor Hematopoietic Stem Cells in Recipients With Hematological Malignancies" at ClinicalTrials.gov
12. Clinical trial number NCT04552743 for "Phase II Study of MGTA-145 in Combination With Plerixafor in the Mobilization of Hematopoietic Stem Cells for Autologous Transplantation in Patients With Multiple Myeloma" at ClinicalTrials.gov
13. "Magenta Therapeutics Announces Additional Preliminary Positive Results from Ongoing Phase 2 Clinical Trial of MGTA-145 and Plerixafor in Patients with Multiple Myeloma at the American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO) Annual Meeting – Magenta Therapeutics". investor.magentatx.com. Retrieved 2021-10-22.