Except for a short period when it was confiscated by King John (1199–1216), the castle remained in the de Braose family, until the male line died out in 1326, and it passed to the Mowbrays. Bramber was one of the poorest parts of Sussex, and while it remained a centre of administration, the Mowbrays did not live there; by the 1550s, it was recorded as 'the late castle', used for grazing.[2]
The castle ruins and its 12 acres of land were acquired by the National Trust in 1945.[5]
Description
Little survives of the original structure, as much of the stone was later used to construct the bridge, and other buildings in the village. The castle was excavated in 1966–1967, with another minor survey in 1987; these indicate most of it was built between 1073 and 1130. The addition of an outer ditch around 1209 caused the collapse of much of the original curtain wall in the early 16th century.[6]
Sketch of the ruins of Bramber Castle by Wenceslas Hollar ca 1642
The most prominent remaining feature is the gatehouse tower, which still stands to almost its full height; a window, and floor joist holes are clearly visible. Beyond it are the foundations of what is believed to have been the living quarters and a guardhouse.[7] The original gatehouse appears to have converted into a single tower at some point in the 12th century; another 3 metres were added to its height, while the entrances were blocked up. This coincides with an increased threat during the reign of John.[8]
The dressed pillars of an entrance can be identified, but the bulk of the remaining walls now consist of only the basic rough stone infill. Situated to the north of the gatehouse is the original castle motte, its earthen mound rising to a height of some 30 ft (10 m). A short distance away is a section of the curtain wall which survives to a height up to 10 ft (3 m) in places.[9]
There is also a small church located next to the entrance; originally constructed for the castle's inhabitants, it remains in use today.
Later structures
During World War II, two pillboxes were constructed on the castle site, which have since been removed.[10]
Baggs, AP; Currie, CRJ; Keeling, SM (1997) [1980]. "Bramber". In Hudson, TP (ed.). A History of the County of Sussex. Vol. 6, Part 1, Bramber, Southern Rape. Victoria County History. ISBN978-0197227817.
Barton, K. J.; Holden, E. W. (1977), "Five castle excavations: reports on the Institute's research project into the origins of the castle in England. Excavations at Bramber Castle, Sussex, 1966–67", The Archaeological Journal, 134: 11–79
Butler, Chris (2008). West Sussex Under Attack Anti-Invasion sites 1500-1990. Tempus. ISBN978-0-7524-4171-9.
