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In basketball, a block or blocked shot occurs when a defensive player legally deflects a field goal attempt from an offensive player to prevent a score. The defender is not allowed to make contact with the offensive player's hand (unless the defender is also in contact with the ball) or a foul is called. In order to be legal, the block must occur while the shot is traveling upward or at its apex. A deflected field goal that is made does not count as a blocked shot and simply counts as a successful field goal attempt for shooter plus the points awarded to the shooting team. For the shooter, a blocked shot is counted as a missed field goal attempt. Also, on a shooting foul, a blocked shot cannot be awarded or counted, even if the player who deflected the field goal attempt is different from the player who committed the foul. If the ball is heading downward when the defender hits it, it is ruled as goaltending and counts as a made basket. Goaltending is also called if the block is made after the ball bounces on the backboard (NFHS excepted; the NCAA also used this rule until the 2009–10 season).

Nicknames for blocked shots include "rejections", "stuffs", "bushed", "spoinked", "fudged", or notably "double-fudged" (two-handed blocks), "facials", "swats", "denials", and "packs". Blocked shots were first officially recorded in the NBA during the 1973–74 season.

Largely due to their height and position near the basket, centers and power forwards tend to record the most blocks, but shorter players with good jumping ability can also be blockers, an example being Dwyane Wade, the shortest player, at 6'4", to record 100 blocked shots in a single season.^[1] A player with the ability to block shots can be a positive asset to a team's defense, as they can make it difficult for opposing players to shoot near the basket and, when keeping the basketball in play, as opposed to swatting it out of bounds, a blocked shot can lead to a fast break, a skill Bill Russell was notable for.^[2]^[3] To be a good shot-blocker, a player needs great court sense and timing, and good height or jumping ability. One tactic is that a shot-blocker can intimidate opponents to alter their shots, resulting in a miss.

Chase-down block

A chase-down block occurs when a player pursues an opposing player who had run ahead of the defense (as in a fast break), and then blocks their shot attempt. Often, the block involves hitting the ball into the backboard as the opponent tries to complete a lay-up. One of the most recognized chase-down blocks is Detroit Pistons' Tayshaun Prince's game-saving block on Reggie Miller in Game 2 of the 2004 NBA Eastern Conference Finals against the Indiana Pacers.^[4]^[5] Pistons announcer Fred McLeod, who first witnessed this style of blocks from Prince, created the chase-down term later with the Cleveland Cavaliers.^[4]^[5] During the 2008–09 NBA season, the Cavaliers began tracking chase-down blocks, crediting LeBron James with 23 that season and 20 the following season.^[4]^[5]^[6] Another landmark chase-down block occurred in the 2016 NBA Finals when LeBron James, in the closing minutes of the 4th quarter delivered what became known as "The Block" on a lay-up attempt by Andre Iguodala with the score tied at 89 and 01:50 remaining in the game.^[7]^[8]

Shot-blocking records in the NBA

Most blocks in a single game: Elmore Smith (17)
Most blocks in a single half: Elmore Smith, George T. Johnson, Manute Bol (11 each)
Most blocks per game in a season: Mark Eaton (5.56)
Most career blocks: Hakeem Olajuwon (3,830)
Most blocks per game in a career: Mark Eaton (3.50)^[9]
Most blocks in NBA Finals game: Dwight Howard (9)
Most blocks in a non-NBA Finals playoff game: Andrew Bynum, Hakeem Olajuwon, Mark Eaton (10 each)

Shot-blocking records in NCAA Division I

Men

Most career blocks: Jarvis Varnado – Mississippi State (564) (2006–10)
Most blocks single season, player: David Robinson – Navy (207) (1985–86)
Most blocks per game single season, player: Shawn James – Northeastern (6.53) (2005–06)
Most blocks single season, team: Kentucky (344) (2011–12)

Women

Most career blocks: Brittney Griner – Baylor (736)^[1] (2009–13)
Most blocks single season, player: Brittney Griner – Baylor (223) (2009–10)
Most blocks per game single season, player: Brittney Griner – Baylor (6.4) (2009–10)
Most blocks single season, team: Baylor (310) (2011–12)

Footnotes

^a Brittney Griner's 736 career blocks is recognized as the all-time NCAA record, men's or women's.^[10] Hall of Famer Anne Donovan, who played for Old Dominion from 1979 to 1983, recorded 801 blocks while playing in the AIAW; therefore, her total is not recognized as an NCAA achievement.^[10]

References

^ "The Legacy of Dwyane Wade: Is He The Last Elite Shooting Guard?". dish2swish.com. 10 July 2016. Archived from the original on 16 November 2021. Retrieved 10 July 2016.
^ Bill Simmons (2010). The Book of Basketball: The NBA According to the Sports Guy. Random House Publishing Group. pp. 69, 404. ISBN 978-0-345-52010-4.
^ Gregory, Sean; Wolff, Alexander. Richard O’Brien (ed.). "The Game that Saved March Madness". Sports Illustrated. Mourning: "I would tell you this. Coach Thompson brought Bill Russell in to speak to me and Dikembe. And he's like, Listen, if you block a shot into the stands, the opposing team does nothing but get the ball back. And he said if you have the ability to block shots, why not keep it inbounds? He said don't swing at it. Direct it. I've never forgotten that."
^ ^a ^b ^c The Plain Dealer, Cleveland Cavaliers' LeBron James making the 'chase-down' block a signature move Archived 2016-05-09 at the Wayback Machine. Retrieved April 24, 2009.
^ ^a ^b ^c Abrams, Jonathan (5 May 2010). "On Defense, James Is Closer Than He Appears". The New York Times. Retrieved 11 June 2013.
^ The Plain Dealer, Cleveland Cavaliers star LeBron James finishes second in NBA Defensive Player of the Year voting Archived 2016-04-14 at the Wayback Machine, accessed April 22, 2009.
^ "13 Greatest Game 7 Performances In NBA Finals History". 2016-06-17. Retrieved 2016-07-30.
^ Greenberg, Chris (June 20, 2016). "LeBron James gave Cleveland an iconic sports moment it wants to remember: 'The Block'". Boston.com. Boston Globe Media Partners, LLC. Retrieved July 3, 2016. Cleveland, no matter how hard it may have tried, couldn't forget 'The Drive' or 'The Fumble' or 'The Shot.' But now, thanks to LeBron James, it has a sports moment requiring the definite article that it will want to remember forever: The Block.
^ "NBA & ABA Career Leaders and Records for Blocks Per Game - Basketball-Reference.com". Basketball-Reference.com.
^ ^a ^b Hawkins, Stephen (September 6, 2013). "Griner still chasing AIAW shot-block record of 801". Waco Tribune. Associated Press. Retrieved February 27, 2014.