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Bill the Goat
Bill the Goat
University	United States Naval Academy
Conference	American Athletic Conference
Description	Goat
First seen	1893

Bill the Goat is the mascot of the United States Naval Academy. The mascot is a live goat and is also represented by a costumed midshipman. There is also a bronze statue of the goat, Navy Bill, in the north end zone of Navy–Marine Corps Memorial Stadium.^[1] This statue also plays a role in "Army Week" traditions.

The first Bill the Goat appeared in 1893. Currently, Bill XXXVI reigns as the 39th mascot and is the 36th goat to be named Bill. His backup is Bill XXXVII.

The legend of Bill the Goat

Goats at sea

"Bill the goat", mascot of BB-17 USS *Rhode Island*, circa 1913^[2]

For centuries, ships sailed with livestock in order to provide sailors with fresh food. Ships in the British and early American navies often carried goats, to eat the garbage and other undesirable food and to return milk and butter. The first usage of "billy goat" for a male goat occurs in the 19th century replacing the older term "he-goat." And the first creature, animal or otherwise, to circle the earth twice was a (female) goat that traveled first with Wallis (1767) and then with Captain Cook (1768). After the Cook trip she was allowed to retire.

Goats at USNA

There is a legend that a Navy ship once sailed with a pet goat, and that the goat died during the cruise. The officers preserved the skin to have it mounted when they returned to port. Two young ensigns were entrusted with the skin. On their way to the taxidermist, they stopped by the United States Naval Academy to watch a football game. At halftime, for reasons the legend does not specify, one ensign decided to dress up in the goat skin. The crowd appreciated the effort, and Navy won the game.

Early years

In 1893, a live goat named El Cid made his debut as a mascot at the fourth Army–Navy Game. El Cid was a gift to the Brigade of Midshipmen from officers of the USS New York. With the goat, Navy gained a 6–3 win over Army that year, so he was adopted as part of the team.

In the early 1900s, the beloved mascot was finally given a name. On the return trip to the Naval Academy after the Midshipmen triumphed over West Point, the goat was led on a victory lap through the train and did not leave the midshipmen until they reached Baltimore.

It was then that the goat was given the name "Bill", which was the name of a pet goat kept by Commander Colby M. Chester, Commandant of Midshipmen, from 1891 to 1894.^[3]

The tradition continued during World War II.^[4]

Living mascots

In 1968 Bill XVI, a gift from the United States Air Force Academy, died of accidental poisoning after weed killer was sprayed too close to his pen.
Bill XVII, met the same fate in 1971.
Bill XIX and Bill XX died of natural causes after each served three years of faithful service, in 1975 and 1978 respectively.
In 1978, Bill XXI led the midshipmen to a victorious season, including a 23–16 victory over Brigham Young University. He is also credited with two Navy wins over Army.
Bill XXVIII reigned from October 1995 until his death in November 2001, when he was succeeded by Bill XXXI.
Bill XXXI died of natural causes in April 2007 and was succeeded by Bill XXXII. In April 2007 the academy selected Lavender Hill Farm^[5] to provide Bill XXXIII and Bill XXXIV, who were delivered to the Naval Academy on May 5, 2007.^[6]
Bill XXXII was retired in September 2008 due to his advanced age and spent his remaining years at a farm near the academy. Bill XXXIII stepped up as the official mascot of the Navy Academy with Bill XXXIV as his backup. Bill XXXIII's first official game was on September 20, 2008, when the Midshipman beat Rutgers 23–21.
Bill XXXII died of natural causes on April 16, 2011. Lt. Thomas Scazzafavo USN released this statement, "A solemn note is being passed to the Naval Academy family on behalf of Team Bill, the mascot handlers. Bill XXXII, known to many as “Old Bill,” passed onto greener pastures this past weekend. He was buried at his farm in Gambrills, Maryland, where the USNA Dairy Farm used to be located. He is survived by Bill XXXIII & Bill XXXIV. As background, Bill XXXII was born in April 2000 and had been serving the Naval Academy since 2001. This valiant mascot helped lead Navy to an astounding 12–4 record against the sister service academies in his eight years of service as the official Naval Academy mascot. After these eight years of steadfast leadership, XXXII was at the age of retirement and passed the torch to Bill XXXIII & Bill XXXIV. 'Old Bill' spent the rest of his years in comfort at the farm."
Bill XXXV and Bill XXXVI made their debut on October 3, 2015, alongside Bill XXXIII and Bill XXXIV. This began their training to eventually become the official mascots of the Naval Academy. They obtained full mascotship following the 2015 Navy–Army game.
In 2016, Bill XXXV had to be euthanized, after suffering from chronic kidney weakness.^[7]

Kidnappings of Bill

The Army, Navy and Air Force academies have been involved in mascot kidnapping for generations with most pranks, euphemistically called spirit missions, generally timed to precede the annual Army-Navy football game, where both sides’ mascots are expected to appear.^[8] Of the three academies’ mascots, Bill has been abducted the most often, usually by Army cadets.^[9]

The first recorded kidnapping of Bill in modern times was accomplished one week before the Army-Navy football game in the fall of 1953. A group of cadets from the United States Military Academy (USMA) at West Point snuck onto the Annapolis grounds with the help of a West Point exchange student who was living at the Naval Academy. After locating the goat behind the stadium, the cadets stashed it in the backseat of a convertible; however, their cover was blown when they stopped at a gas station and the goat's horns shredded the convertible top. The cadets successfully made it back to the USMA and presented the goat to the entire Corps at a raucous dinnertime pep rally; however, many Navy midshipmen refused to go to classes until Bill was returned. After the goat's return was ordered by officials from West Point (as well as President Dwight D. Eisenhower himself, a USMA graduate), the Army cadets staged a mass protest which was posted on the front page of several New York papers as "Goat Rebellion at West Point." The Army football team went on to defeat Navy 20–7.^[10]

The Air Force joined in soon after, via a raid by three United States Air Force Academy (USAFA) cadets a month prior to the first Air Force/Navy football game in 1960. Bill was flown to the AFA in the bomb bay of an Air Force B-26, where he resided on a farm until Naval Intelligence tracked him to Colorado. The superintendent of the USAFA learned of the mission through intimidation of the Cadet Wing, and forced the return of Bill to Annapolis. The event was reported by several national media outlets, including Life, at the time.^[10] The Air Force was again successful in 1966.^[9]

During the height of a heated in-state rivalry with Maryland, the goat was stolen by Maryland students. This happened shortly before the controversial 1964 match, where actions on the field caused the suspension of the series for 40 years.^[10]^[11]

In 1965 five Army cadets dressed in black with darkened faces made their way through two fences crowned with barbed wire and diverted the Marines guarding the goat's pen by having two of their college-age girlfriends turn up in a car at the entrance gate. While the sentries attentions was diverted by the women's story of being lost, and having been stood up on a blind date the cadets were able to successfully spirit Bill away.^[9]

During the pre-game activities of the USNA-USAFA game in 1970 at RFK Stadium, a long motorcade entered the stadium, accompanied by motorcycles and other police vehicles, and turned toward the USAFA side of the stadium. A staff car with USAF General Officer flags flying was the main focus. All the Cadets rose to attention, assuming that a high level USAF official was in the car. The Midshipmen rose in similar fashion out of respect for whoever was in the car. The passenger door opened, and first to come out were two men dressed in USAFA capes and caps, followed quickly by USNA's Bill the Goat, after which the supposed Cadets threw off their outer capes/caps exposing their goat-handler sweaters.^{[citation needed]}

Bill the Goat was successfully abducted again in 1990.^[9]

After a daring kidnapping in 1991 of West Point's four mules by 17 Navy midshipmen and two active-duty SEAL “advisers”, which involved cutting phone lines and tying up six Army employees, which caused the Army to scramble helicopters, mascot stealing was forbidden by an official high-level formal agreement in 1992.^[9]^[12]

On November 5, 1995, a month before the Army-Navy football game, a group of seniors from the USMA staged a pre-dawn raid on the Naval Academy Dairy Farm in Gambrills, Maryland and kidnapped Bill the Goat XXVI, XXVIII and XXIX. The Pentagon was notified, and the three goats were returned under a policy forged by flag officers of the Army and Navy that stipulates that the "kidnapping of cadets, midshipmen or mascots will not be tolerated".^[13]

However, the truce was broken in 2002, when Army cadets kidnapped the Navy mascot from the Dairy Farm during a Veterans Day weekend, wearing Grateful Dead T-shirts as a disguise.^[14] After residing in a Pennsylvania farm, the Angora goat was returned.^[15]

On November 17, 2007, cadets from the USMA raided the Naval Academy Dairy Farm and kidnapped Bill XXXII, Bill XXXIII and Bill XXXIV prior to an upcoming Army–Navy football game. The operation was named "Operation Good Shepherd" according to a Naval Academy spokesman.^[16] The goatnappers created a video showing the planning and actually goatnapping, and then posted it on YouTube.^[17]

On November 24, 2012, a passerby spotted an Angora goat tied up near the Pentagon in a median at an intersection on Army Navy Drive in Arlington County, Virginia. Representatives of the Animal Welfare League of Arlington^[18] rescued the ruminant and took it to the League's animal shelter. Calls were then placed to law enforcement officials in Anne Arundel County, Maryland, who notified the caprine's presumptive owners that their property had been found and needed a ride back home. The manager of Maryland Sunrise Farm (the successor to the Naval Academy Dairy Farm), where Bill XXXIII and Bill XXXIV usually resided, then claimed and retrieved the beast, which was in good condition, but did not know which Bill was absent from the farm. A Navy spokeswoman said, “At this time, we are unaware of who may have taken the goat, but it could be related to the Army-Navy game Dec. 8.” A spokesman for the USMA stated that he had "no official knowledge" of any theft of a goat. No charges were filed because it was unclear as to who had tied and abandoned the animal in the median.^[19]

In 2015 Army cadets tried unsuccessfully to grab Bill in a parking lot, during which Bill was injured and needed to stay in a veterinary clinic for a week.^[9]

In November 2021 Army cadets from the United States Military Academy at West Point tried to steal Bill the Goat XXXVII from a paddock on a private farm near Annapolis, where he was living with other goats. The noisy attempt spooked the goats and the cadets were able only to grab only one goat, the retired 14 year old Bill the Goat XXXIV who had only one horn, which meant that any gloating was rather muted. The kidnapped Bill was returned and found to be in good health.^[8]

Costumed mascot

Bill the Goat, the human version, at the 2008 Army–Navy Game.

In addition to the live Bill goats, a costumed mascot also attends the United States Naval Academy football games. The live Bill goats rarely travel far from the Naval Academy, so the costumed mascot makes these trips solo.^[20]^[21]

The costumed mascot is sponsored by the Class of 1971; for this reason he wears the number 71 on his jersey.

Team Bill

Team Bill is a group of midshipmen from the United States Naval Academy who volunteer to take care of the Bill goats and to transport them to and from events. Currently there are two Bill goats being cared for by the midshipmen at a dairy farm in Gambrills, Maryland. The adjacent picture shows Team Bill on May 5, 2007, accepting the delivery of Bill XXXIII and Bill XXXIV from Stacy Barton who donated them to the academy.^[22]