Randall commenced practice in Bath in 1812. He served in the Maine State militia in Colonel Reed’s regiment stationed at Cox's Head in September 1814. He was a member of the Maine Senate in 1833, 1835, and 1838. He was elected as a Whig to the Twenty-sixth and Twenty-seventh Congresses (March 4, 1839 – March 3, 1843).
Upon his return to Maine, he resumed the practice of law and was appointed collector of customs for the port of Bath in 1849. He served until his death there on October 11, 1859. His interment is in Maple Grove Cemetery in Bath.