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Beijing–Guangzhou railway
京广铁路
Beijing–Guangzhou railway ; 京广铁路
	The Jingguang railway on the Snake Hill in Wuhan. In the far background, the railway crosses the Yangtze over the Wuhan Bridge.
Overview
Status	Operational
Locale	Beijing, Hebei, Henan, Hubei, Hunan, Guangdong
Termini	Beijing West; Guangzhou;
Stations	53 active
Service
Type	Heavy rail
System	China Railway
Operator(s)	China Railway
Technical
Line length	2,324 km (1,444 mi)
Track gauge	1,435 mm (4 ft 8+1⁄2 in) standard gauge
Operating speed	160 kilometres per hour (99 mph)
Route map
Route map
	Legend
	Beijing underground
	cross-city railway
	Beijing–Shanghai railway
	to Beijing
	Beijing–Guangzhou HSR
	to Guangzhou South
	start of
	main line
	Beijing–Shanghai railway
	to Shanghai
	Fengtai–Shacheng railway
	to Shacheng
	Beijing
	Hebei Province
	Tianjin–Baoding intercity railway
	to Tianjin West
	Shuozhou–Huanghua railway
	to Shenchi South │ to Huanghua Port
	Shijiazhuang Northwest
	Circular line
	Shijiazhuang–Taiyuan railway
	to Taiyuan
	Shijiazhuang–Dezhou railway
	to Dezhou
	Shijiazhuang–Jinan HSR
	to Jinan East
	original
	site
	Shijiazhuang Southwest
	Circular line
	Shahe–Wuji railway
	to Wuan & Wuji
	Handan–Changzhi railway
	to Changzhi
	Handan–Jinan railway
	to Jinan
	Hebei Province
	Henan Province
	CR Beijing
	CR Zhengzhou
	Anyang–Lizhen railway
	to Gangziyao
	Tangyin–Heshan railway
	to Jiukuang
	Watang–Rizhao railway
	to Changzhi South
	Tangyin–Taiqian railway
	to Taiqian
	Xinxiang–Yueshan railway
	to Yueshan
	Xinxiang–Yanzhou railway
	to Yanzhou
	Zhengzhou-Jiaozuo intercity railway
	to Jiaozuo
	Jiayingguan Bridge│Zhengjiao Bridge
	over Yellow River
	Zhengzhou Northwest
	Circular line
	Longhai railway
	to Lanzhou
	Longhai railway
	to Lianyun
	CR Zhengzhou
	CR Wuhan
	Mengmiao–Baofeng railway
	to Baofeng
	Luohe–Fuyang railway
	to Fuyang
	Nanjing–Xi'an railway
	to Xi'an
	Nanjing–Xi'an railway
	to Nanjing
	Henan Province
	Hubei Province
	Macheng–Wuhan railway
	to Macheng

The Beijing–Guangzhou railway or Jingguang railway (simplified Chinese: 京广铁路; traditional Chinese: 京廣鐵路; pinyin: Jīngguǎng tiělù) is a major trunk railway that connects Beijing in the north with Guangzhou in the south. This double-track electrified line has a total length of 2,324 kilometres (1,444 miles) and spans five provinces through north, central and south China. The line passes through the capitals of each of them: Shijiazhuang (Hebei), Zhengzhou (Henan), Wuhan (Hubei), Changsha (Hunan) and Guangzhou (Guangdong). The line's two terminals are the Beijing West railway station and the Guangzhou railway station.

Due to abundance of large and medium-sized cities on its route, this railway is widely recognized^{[by whom?]} as the most important conventional railway line in China.

History

Dazhimen Station in Hankou, the original southern terminal of the Jinghan railway

The Jingguang railway was originally two independent companies: the Beijing–Hankou railway in the north from Beijing to Hankou, and the Guangdong–Hankou railway in the south from Wuchang to Guangzhou. Hankou and Wuchang were cities on opposite sides of the Yangtze River that became part of the present city of Wuhan in 1927.

The 1,215-kilometre (755 mi) long Beijing–Hankou railway (Jinghan railway) was built between 1897 and 1906.^[1] The concession was originally awarded to a Belgian company that was backed by French investors. A strong desire to bring the route under Chinese control led to the formation of the Bank of Communications to secure the financing needed to repatriate the railway. The successful redemption of the railway in 1909 enhanced the prestige of the Communications Clique, which became a powerful political force in the early Republic.^[2]

Construction of the Guangdong–Hankou railway (Yuehan railway) began in 1900 and progressed more slowly.^[1] The concession was originally awarded to the American China Development Company, but a diplomatic crisis erupted when the Belgians purchased a controlling interest in it. The concession was cancelled in 1904 to prevent Franco-Belgian interests from controlling the entire Beijing–Guangdong route.^[2] The Guangzhou–Sanshui branch line was completed in 1904.^[3] The Changsha–Zhuzhou section was then completed in 1911, followed by the Guangzhou–Shaoguan section in 1916, and the Wuchang–Changsha section in 1918.^[1] Work on the final section between Zhuzhou and Shaoguan began in 1929 but was not completed until 1936.^[1]^[4]

On 7 February 1923, workers of the Beijing-Wuhan Railway Workers' association launched a massive strike demanding better workers' rights and protesting oppression by warlords. The strike, organized by Shi Yang and Lin Xiangqian, was an early example of worker mobilization by the Chinese Communist Party.^[5]

In March 1937, the two lines were indirectly interconnected through the railway ferry on the Yangtze River, thus enabling the service of railway services between Guangzhou and Beijing. On 15 October 1957, Wuhan Yangtze River Bridge was completed, and the two lines could be directly connected to form a merged line system until now.

Major stations

From north to south:

km	Station	Metro connections	Province / Municipality
0,000	Beijing West	7 9	Beijing
0,000	Beijing Fengtai	10	Beijing
0,135	Baoding		Hebei
0,270	Shijiazhuang	2 3
0,431	Handan
0,598	Xinxiang		Henan
0,678	Zhengzhou	1
0,818	Luohe
0,980	Xinyang
1,000	Hankou	metro 2	Hubei
1,214	Wuchang	metro 4 7	Hubei
1,440	Yueyang		Hunan
1,587	Changsha	2 3
1,639	Zhuzhou
1,773	Hengyang
2,073	Shaoguan East		Guangdong
2,294	Guangzhou	2 5	Guangdong

Service

Currently, the Beijing–Kowloon "Jingjiu" through train operates on this line. Prior to 2003, this train called at stops along the route, before border controls were set up at Beijing, which made the compartments to Kowloon sterile, making the intermediate stops available for use only for domestic passengers in separate carriages attached at Guangzhou East Station.

Parallel lines

The Beijing–Kowloon railway, completed in 1996, is another conventional railway connecting Beijing with the Pearl River Delta. It runs mostly within a corridor 100–300 kilometres (60–190 miles) to the east of the Beijing–Guangzhou railway.

The Beijing–Guangzhou high-speed railway runs through the same major cities as the original railway, on a slightly different route that avoids built-up areas and has a greater curve radius allowing for higher speeds and a somewhat shorter overall length. In most cities along the line, the high-speed trains stop at different, purpose-built stations, rather than the older stations served by the original line.^[6] The Wuhan–Guangzhou section of the high-speed railway opened in 2009, and the Beijing–Wuhan section in 2012.

As consecutive sections of the Beijing–Guangzhou high-speed railway became operational, the railway authorities shifted much of passenger traffic from the original railway to the new high-speed line. This allowed an increase in the amount of freight volume transported over the original route. For example, according to preliminary estimates, after the entire Beijing–Guangzhou high-speed railway opens, the annual freight capacity of the northern half of the Beijing–Guangzhou railway (between its two main freight stations, Beijing's Fengtai West railway station and Wuhan North railway station) would increase by 20 million tons.^[7]

Accidents

On 29 June 2009, two passenger trains collided at Chenzhou station, leaving three people dead and 63 injured.^[8]

References

^ ^a ^b ^c ^d 京广铁路. Tieliu.com.cn (in Simplified Chinese). 8 January 2007. Archived from the original on 7 April 2013.
^ ^a ^b Lee, En-han (1977). China's Quest for Railway Autonomy, 1904-1911: A Study of the Chinese Railway-Rights Recovery Movement. Singapore University Press.
^ The Directory & Chronicle for China, Japan, Corea, Indo-China, Straits Settlements, Malay States, Siam, Netherlands India, Borneo, the Philippines, &c. for the Year 1912. The Hongkong Daily Press Office. 1912. p. 1026. Work upon the branch line from Canton to Samshui (about 30 miles) commenced in December, 1902, and a length of ten miles, as far as Fatshan, was opened on 15 November 1903. The line was extended to Samshui the following year.
^ "Canton–Hankow Railway". The Sydney Morning Herald. 9 June 1936. English newspapers announce that the last rail has been laid of the railway link between Hankow and Canton.
^ "Anniversaries of important events -- 7 Feb. Great Strike" ^{[dead link‍]}
^ Hung, Wing-tat; Brunello, Lara; Bunker, Jonathan, Critical Issues of High Speed Rail Development in China (PDF), p. 4^{[permanent dead link‍]}
^ 京广高铁座位分四档武汉赴京最低约500多元 Archived 22 January 2013 at the Wayback Machine (Seats on Beijing–Guangzhou high-speed railway will come in four classes; lowest fare from Wuhan to Beijing is around 500 yuan), 2012-12-15 (in Chinese)
^ "Three killed in passenger train collision in C China". Xinhua News Agency. Archived from the original on 29 August 2009. Retrieved 29 June 2009.