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Beatrice Morrow Cannady
Beatrice Morrow Cannady
Born	Beatrice Hulon Morrow; January 9, 1890; Littig, Texas, United States
Died	August 19, 1974 (aged 84); Los Angeles, California, United States
Nationality	American
Alma mater	Northwestern College of Law
Occupation(s)	Publisher, civil rights activist
Spouse	Edward Daniel Cannady

Beatrice Morrow Cannady (January 9, 1890 – August 19, 1974)^[1] was a renowned civil rights advocate in early 20th-century Oregon, United States. She was editor of the Advocate, the state's largest African-American newspaper.^[2] She was also co-founder and vice president of the Portland, Oregon chapter of the NAACP.^[3]^[4]

Early life

Cannady was born Beatrice Hulon Morrow in Littig, Texas in 1890.^[5] She was the second-oldest daughter of George Morrow and Mary Francis Carter Morrow, farmers who raised their children to value education.^[5] They had twelve surviving children; eleven daughters and one son.^[5] Morrow enjoyed singing from an early age. Beatrice graduated from Wiley College.^[6] As a young woman, she moved to Chicago to study music with conductor David Clippinger.

Career and civil rights

In June 1912, Beatrice Morrow married Edward Daniel Cannady.^[6]^[7] He was the co-founder of The Advocate, one of Portland, Oregon's first black-owned newspapers.^[7] The two had written to each other while Morrow was living in Chicago.^[7] Upon moving to Portland, Cannady became associate editor of The Advocate.^[7] Her work through the newspaper drew attention to racial violence during the early 1920s and prompted a statement from Governor Ben W. Olcott decrying the actions of the Ku Klux Klan, which was spreading through Oregon at the time.

In addition to her editorial work, Cannady helped to establish the Portland chapter of the NAACP in 1913. This organization marked the first such branch of the organization formed west of the Mississippi River^[8] and continues to actively participate in the Portland community. Acting as the chapter's secretary, Cannady worked with the group to remove racist, exclusionary language from Oregon's constitution, a mission which succeeded in 1926 and 1927 when the changes were ratified.^[9] Cannady also led protests against Ku Klux Klan propaganda film The Birth of a Nation.^[2]

Cannady's involvement with the Bahá'í Faith can be dated to 1914/1915,^[10] though the Mangun biography dates her official affiliation to 1928, apparently the earliest available membership list of the Portland community.^[7]^{: pp116, 261}

Cannady graduated from Northwestern College of Law in 1922, making her the first black woman to graduate from law school in Oregon.^[11] She went on to become the first black woman to practice law in Oregon.^[12] A Republican, she was the first black woman to run for state representative.^[11] Cannady successfully advocated for the passage of civil rights bills by the Oregon state legislature. Her efforts helped integrate public schools in Longview, Washington and Vernonia, Oregon.^[2]

In 1927, Cannady represented Oregon at the 4th annual Pan-African Congress in New York City.^[13]

Personal life

Beatrice Morrow Cannady married Edward Cannady in Portland, Oregon in June of 1912. The couple had two sons, George Cannady and Ivan Caldwell Cannady.^[14] They divorced in 1930 after 18 years of marriage.^[14] A year later, Mrs. Cannady married Jerome Yancy Franklin, a typist at The Advocate.^[14]

Cannady and Franklin left Oregon in about 1938^[11] for Los Angeles, California. They divorced about 1942. Cannady married Reuben Taylor on December 17, 1946. Cannady worked for the Precinct Reporter,^[11] a Southern California newspaper founded in 1965 that served the black community. Mr. Taylor died in June of 1972.^[15]

Legacy

Cannady paved the way for the second generation of civil rights activists in Oregon with her nearly 25-year fight as a leading activist.^[16]^[17] To honor her history in the area, a new school in the North Clackamas School District bears her name as the Beatrice Morrow Cannady Elementary School.^[18] An affordable housing project in North Portland is named the Beatrice Morrow Building in her honor.^[19]

References

^ Kimberley Mangun, "A Force for Change: Beatrice Morrow Cannady's Program for Race Relations in Oregon, 1912-1936," Pacific Northwest Quarterly 96(2)(Spring 2005): 69.
^ ^a ^b ^c "Beatrice Morrow Cannady". The Oregon Encyclopedia.
^ Prince, Tracy J.; Schaffer, Zadie (2017). Notable women of Portland. Charleston, South Carolina. ISBN 9781467125055. OCLC 972387080.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
^ Shirley, Gayle C. (2010). More than Petticoats: Remarkable Oregon Women (2nd ed.). Guilford, Conn.: Globe Pequot Press. ISBN 978-0762758661.
^ ^a ^b ^c Mangun, Kimberly (2010). A Force For Change. Corvallis, Oregon: Oregon State University Press. p. 5. ISBN 978-0-87071-580-8.
^ ^a ^b "Wedding Bells". The Editor and Publisher. July 13, 1912.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e Mangun, Kimberly (2010). A Force For Change. Corvallis, Oregon: Oregon State University Press. pp. 11–12. ISBN 978-0-87071-580-8.
^ Millner, Darrell. "Blacks in Oregon". The Oregon Encyclopedia.
^ Unknown. "Portland Chapter NAACP 50th Anniversary". Oregon History Project.
^ Christopher Buck (4 December 2018). "The Baha'i 'Pupil of the Eye' metaphor". In Loni Bramson (ed.). The Bahá'í Faith and African American History: Creating Racial and Religious Diversity. Lexington Books. pp. 20, 47. ISBN 978-1-4985-7003-9. OCLC 1098186570.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d Mangun, Kimberley (2011-09-10). "Beatrice Morrow Cannady and the Struggle for Civil Rights in Oregon, 1912-1936". BlackPast. Archived from the original on 2020-03-01. Retrieved 2020-03-01.
^ Mangun, Kimberley Ann (2010). Beatrice Morrow Cannady & the Struggle for Civil Rights in Oregon, 1912-1936. Corvallis, Or. : Oregon State University Press. ISBN 9780870715808.
^ Wagner, MaryJo (1984). Women In History Week. Salem, OR: Oregon Department of Education. p. 101.
^ ^a ^b ^c Mangun, Kimberly (2010). A Force For Change. Corvallis, Oregon: Oregon State University Press. pp. 30–35. ISBN 978-0-87071-580-8.
^ "About". Precinct Reporter Group News. Retrieved 2020-03-01.
^ Mangun, Kimberley (2010). A Force for Change. Corvallis, Oregon: Oregon State University Press. p. 194. ISBN 978-0-87071-580-8.
^ Mangun, Kimberley (2010). A Force for Change. Corvallis, Oregon: Oregon State University Press. p. 142. ISBN 978-0-87071-580-8.
^ Gutierrez, Simon. "North Clackamas School District struggles to name new high school in Happy Valley". Fox 12 Oregon.
^ Basalyga, Stephanie (23 November 2018). "Beatrice building offers 80 units of affordable housing". Portland Tribune. Retrieved 12 April 2019.