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Porto Palermo
Porto Palermo
	View from Porto Palermo Castle
	Porto Palermo
Location	Vlorë County, Albania
Coordinates	40°3′36″N 19°47′6″E / 40.06000°N 19.78500°E
Type	Bay

The Porto Palermo (Albanian: Gjiri i Panormës or Gjiri i Palermos) is a bay in southwestern Albania. In the middle of the bay there is a small peninsula, it connection to the mainland serves as a parking space for campers and it has sandy beach.

Porto Palermo fortress

On the peninsula is a well-preserved old fortress, the Kalaja e Porto Palermos (Porto Palermo Castle). The complex with a triangular ground plan and three round corner bastions is similar to the Venetian Triangular Castle in Butrint. It was once located in a restricted military area and was still used by the Albanian military during the communist times. Today the fortress is accessible for a small fee and can be explored. The dark vaults lead to the roof, from where you have a good view of the bay.^[1]

The history of its origins and construction is not entirely clear. Mostly it is said that the fortress was built at the beginning of the 19th century by Ali Pasha of Ioannina when he declared the independence of his Eyalet from Ioannina and the Ottoman Empire. Ali Pasha had fortresses built and renovated in the entire south of what is now Albania.^[2]^[3] The triangular Venetian fortress built on the Channel of Vivari in Butrint is said to have served as a model for Porto Palermo. Fortifications already existed before.

Perhaps there was already a Venetian fortification,^[4] which at the same time as the one in Butrint before the advent of the Bastion systems was built in the fortress. It is said that in 1662 the Turks modernized an existing fortress in Porto Palermo ^[5] or built a new fortress in Porto Palermo.^[6] The facility was primarily used to control the local population in the greater Himarë area, who had repeatedly revolted against the Turks.^[6]

Like the Souliotes, the inhabitants of Himara fought against Ali Pasha of Ioannina around 1800, who sometimes oppressed them in a very bloody way.^[6] The construction activities at the fortress of Porto also took place during this period Palermo. As a result, the region became quiet.^[6] In 1803, Ali Pasha offered the port and the fortress, which at that time only had four or five guns, to the British Royal Navy.^[7]

Submarine base and bunker

At the northern end of the bay of Porto Palermo there is a former submarine - base of the Albanian Naval Force with a well blown into the mountain, from the castle and the coastal road visible submarine pen. The complex cannot be seen from the sea. The base is practically unused today, but is still owned by the navy, which has two small patrol boats stationed there, and is therefore a restricted military area.

Porto Palermo was an important base of the Albanian navy during the rule of Enver Hoxha. After the establishment of the Warsaw Pact in 1955, of which Albania was a founding member, the Soviet Union stationed twelve of the Whiskey-class submarines in the Pasha Liman Base at the southwest end of the bay of Vlora.^[8] As the Soviet Union 1960/61 ended its military presence in Albania at the request of Hoxha, Hoxha took four of the boats ( S-241 , S-242 , S-358 , S-360 ) to, who drove with Albanian crews.^[9] Albania then leaned on China, and with Chinese help one began in the late 1960s with the construction of the submarine tunnel in Porto Palermo. However, China soon withdrew from the joint venture, so that Albania completed the construction on its own at enormous cost. The tunnel is more than 650 meters long ^[10] and 12 meters high and provided space for four 75 meter long submarines of the Whiskey Class. Inside were all the necessary supply systems.

The associated barracks are now largely empty and in a rather neglected condition. Even the fence is hardly in place. Nothing is known about the condition inside the submarine bunker.

References

^ Fortress Porto Palermo
^ See z. B. Renate Ndarurinze "Discovering Albania: In the footsteps of Skanderbeg." Trescher, Berlin, 2008, ISBN 978-3-89794-125-0, p. 243.
^ Jano Koçi Himara (Arkeologji - Histori - Kulturë - Himara sot) Publisher Gent-Grafik Tirana 2006 ISBN 99927-810-5-X
^ First designation of the complex as Venetian in George P. "Scriven Some Highways of Albania and a forgotten Riviera". Geographical Review, Volume 11, Number 2 1921 Pages 198–206 (here p. 205) American Geographical Society JSTOR 207325
^ Richard Hodges "Eternal Butrint: A UNESCO world heritage site in Albania" Publisher General Penne UK Ltd. London 2006 Pages 191 ISBN 1-905680-01-5
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d Peter Bartl "On the topography and history of the Himara landscape in southern Albania" Munich journal for Balkan customers. Martin Camaj Volume 7–8 Munich 1991 Pages 311 –354
^ J. W. Baggally "Ali Pasha and Great Britain" Publisher Basil Blackwell, Oxford 1938 | Pages 86
^ in.reuters.com
^ Lorenz M. Lüthi The Sino-Soviet split: Cold War in the communist world. Princeton University Press, 2008, ISBN 978-0-691-13590-8, p. 203.
^ a Report prepared in 2007 for the Albanian government and the World Bank speaks of a length of 800 meters: Ministry of Public Works, Transport and Telecommunication, Albania: Southern Coastal Development Plan - Strategic Environmental Assessment; Final Report. COWI, Copenhagen, December 2007, p. 17.