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Aviation in Austria involves the transport of aircraft in Austria, which has had to navigate some difficult historical and legal junctures, but largely has prospered since 1955.
The first fatal ballooning incident occurred on 26 December 1911, with Lieutenant Wilhelm Werner near Gmunden.[citation needed]
Around 1912 physicist Victor Francis Hess made a series of balloon flights, to measure background radiation. The flights went up to five miles high. Up to around half a mile, radiation decreased, but at three miles high, radiation doubled. In 1936 he jointly received the Nobel Prize in Physics for his discovery of cosmic rays.[citation needed]
Josef Emmer (14 April 1912 - 1985) would make many high-altitude flights, taking the world record in September 1937 at 9,374 metres, which would last until 19 July 1961.[citation needed]
Airships
In 1911 during Austrian Flight Week, the first air passengers were carried in an airship.[citation needed]
Gliders
Igo Etrich developed gliding in Austria. On 6 October 1906 the first manned glider flight took place in Austria. The glider was developed from the Alsomitra macrocarpa species of plant.
Powered aircraft
On 2 June 1909 the first airfield, with hangars, was built. After a few short attempts at powered flight lasting tens of metres, the first true flight took place on 29 November 1909. The next aircraft, the Etrich Taube, took off on 6 April 1910. The first long cross-country flight occurred on 17 May 1910 by Karl Illner, taking 32 minutes.[citation needed]
The Austrian State Treaty, on 15 May 1955, now restored aviation to Austria. The first Austrian aircraft built after the Second World War was designed by Otto Kauba, the OFW OK-15, which flew on 16 July 1956.[citation needed]
The first Austrian military aircraft was an Etrich Taube, on 2 April 1911. There was largely no training available for military pilots in Austria, so military pilots trained in Germany.[citation needed]
An Austrian Air Force was planned for 1939, but the country was annexed by Germany.[citation needed]
After World War II, much aviation was largely banned in Austria. In the late 1940s, model aircraft flying was allowed, and gliders only.[citation needed]
From 1954 pilots for powered aircraft were now allowed to be trained, with parachutists.[citation needed]
In May 1955, aviation prohibition was lifted, but on 26 October 1955, Austria issued its Declaration of Neutrality. This is similar to the Republic of Ireland, which largely has no armed forces.[citation needed]
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