The Authenticity and Modernity Party (Arabic: حزب الأصالة والمعاصرة, romanized: ḥizb al-ʾaṣāla wa-l-muʿāṣira; Standard Moroccan Tamazight: ⴰⵎⵓⵍⵍⵉ ⵏ ⵜⴰⵥⵖⵓⵕⵜ ⴷ ⵜⴰⵎⵜⵔⴰⵔⵜ, romanized: amulli n taẓɣoṛt d tamtrart) is a political party in Morocco. It was founded in 2008 by Fouad Ali El Himma, an advisor to the king Mohammed VI, and it has been perceived by its opponents and the press as being backed and directed by the monarchy.[1][6] As such, it has been accused of having little ideology except for support of the monarchy, although some of its policies have been described as socially liberal.[3]
History
Establishment
The political party was founded in 2008.[7] Its first constitutive congress took place on 20 February 2009.[8] It was preceded by the Authenticity and Modernity parliamentary bloc, formed after the 2007 parliamentary election, and the think tank "Movement of All Democrats"[9] (Mouvement de Tous les Démocrats, MTD), both created and led by El Himma. "The Movement of All Democrats" creation communiqué was signed by a number of influential Moroccan public figures including: Aziz Akhenouch, Mustapha Bakkoury, Ahmed Akhchichine, Rachid Talbi Alami, Mohamed Cheikh Biadillah and three human rights activists who had served on Mohammed VI's Equity and Reconciliation Commission which investigated human rights abuses during Hassan II's reign.[10]
As a royal party aimed at maintaining the dominant role of the monarch, it can be compared to the Front for the Defence of Constitutional Institutions (FDIC) of the 1960s, the National Rally of Independents (RNI) of the 1970s and the Constitutional Union (UC) of the 1980s.[11] Despite being its factual leader, El Himma has not taken up a formal post in the party.[4]
Controversies
Although Fouad Ali El Himma, a close friend of Mohammed VI, was key in the foundation of the party and many observers—including the American ambassador in Morocco—have described the party as "the palace party",[12] a Moroccan court sentenced politician Abdellah El Kadiri to a fine of 4 million Dirhams (US$500,000) after it judged that alleging that the Palace had a role in the foundation of the party amounts to slander.[13] Abdellah El Kadiri was president of one of the political parties that merged itself into the Authenticity and Modernity Party.[13]
In the 2009 communal elections, the party won the greatest number of seats, replacing the Istiqlal Party as the leading force.[15] Due to defections from other parties, the PAM became a major force in parliament. In October 2009, it took over the presidency of the House of Councillors.[16]
On the eve of the 2011 parliamentary election the PAM formed an alliance with seven other political parties of very disparate political outlooks[17] called the "Alliance for Democracy". The party won 47 out of 325 seats in the election, becoming the fourth-largest party in the parliament.[18] After the victory of the Islamist PJD, the PAM announced it would go into opposition.[19]
^Michael J. Willis (2012). Politics and Power in the Maghreb: Algeria, Tunisia and Morocco from Independence to the Arab Spring. C. Hurst & Co. pp. 149–150.
^"Organizations". Maroc. 18 April 2013. Retrieved 10 October 2014.
^Feliu, Laura; Parejo, Maria Angustias (2013). "Morocco: The reinvention of an authoritarian system". Political Regimes in the Arab World: Society and the Exercise of Power. Routledge. p. 73.
Eibl, Ferdinand (2012). "The party of authenticity and modernity (PAM): trajectory of a political deus ex machina". The Journal of North African Studies. 17 (1): 45–66. doi:10.1080/13629387.2011.582698. S2CID144623545.