Asthana Kolahalam

Title page of "Asthana Kolahalam" published by Sarasvati Mahal Library in 2004

Asthana Kolahalam is the title of two different Tamil books both dealing with elementary mathematics but with totally different contents. One of them was published by Government Oriental Manuscripts Library (GOML), Madras (now Chennai) in 1951 with 167 pages and the other published by Saraswathi Mahal Library (SML), Thanjavur, Tamil Nadu in 2004 with 306 pages. Both books are based on old palm-leaf manuscripts with the same title composed in the form of verses and both contain explanations and illustrative examples.[1][2]

The title "Asthana Kolahalam" may be literally translated as "assembly room (royal audience place) uproar" and the term "uproar" suggests making the audience happy, jovial and cheerful.

GOML's "Asthana Kolahalam"

An extract from page 55 of GOML's "Asthana Kolahalam" showing Saṅgamagrāma Mādhava's value of pi

GOML's "Asthana Kolahalam" publication is based on a single palm-leaf manuscript submitted to GOML in 1921 by one Sankaravenkataramayyangar of Periyakulam. The work contains 57 stanzas of various meters including an invocation stanza. These stanzas specify rules for carrying out elementary arithmetical operations.

One interesting feature of this work is that bulk of the work has been devoted to discussing topics in mathematics not contained in the various stanzas of the original manuscript. After completing the explanation of stanza 46 in page 52, the editor embarks on a grand detour of various topics in mathematics and returns to stanza 47 only in page 140. The context for this digression is apparently the value of the mathematical constant pi. The topics covered in this detour include the history of the computations of the value of pi (incidentally, he mentions Sangamagrama Madhava's approximate value of pi also, namely the value 2827433388233/(9 x 1011) ), the various trigonometric functions, formula for the area of a circle, formulas for the surface area and volume of cones, cylinders, etc., formulas for the circumference and area of ellipses, Pythagorean theorem and several related geometrical problems.[3]

SML's "Asthana Kolahalam"

SML's "Asthana Kolahalam" is a work compiled from three different palm leaf manuscripts kept in SML, all having the same title. There are altogether 92 verses in the work. As per one of the verses in the text, the author of the work is Naviliperumal, son of Nagan. The date of composition of the manuscripts has not been determined. This publication carries detailed explanations of the various verses by K. Sathyabhama.

See also

References

  1. ^ Thirumali Sree Saila Sarma (1951). Asthana Kolahalam. Madras: Govt Oriental Manuscript Library. Retrieved 5 July 2024.
  2. ^ K. Sthyabhama (2004). Asthana Kolakalam. Thanjavur, Tamil Nadu: Sarasvathi Mahal Library. Retrieved 5 July 2024.
  3. ^ Senthil Babu (2006). Science and the Tamil Society: Issues for consideration. French Institute of Pondicherry. pp. 321–336. Retrieved 28 June 2024. (Chapter in "Negotiating with the Past: Classical Tamil in Contemporary Tamil" edited by M. Kannan and Carlos Mena)

Read other articles:

Sami YusufInformasi latar belakangNama lahirSami YusufLahir21 Juli 1980 (umur 43)Tehran, IranGenreSpiritique IslamiPekerjaanpenyanyi, pencipta lagu, komposer, produser dan musisi multi-instrumentalisInstrumenpiano, keyboard, biola, tar, santour, tombak, tabla, tar, oud,Tahun aktif2003 – sekarangLabelAndante Records 2009-SekarangArtis terkaitIan Brown, Sezen Aksu, Conner ReevesSitus webSamiYusufOfficial.com Sami Yusuf (lahir 21 Juli 1980) adalah seorang penyanyi-penulis lagu Britania Ra...

 

TamanKecamatanPeta lokasi Kecamatan TamanNegara IndonesiaProvinsiJawa TimurKabupatenSidoarjoPemerintahan • CamatAli SarbiniPopulasi • Total148,451 jiwa jiwaKode Kemendagri35.15.13 Kode BPS3515160 Desa/kelurahan24 Taman adalah sebuah kecamatan di Kabupaten Sidoarjo, Provinsi Jawa Timur, Indonesia. Taman berbatasan sungai dengan kecamatan Karangpilang di kota Surabaya dan Kecamatan Driyorejo di Kabupaten Gresik. Kawasan ini merupakan salah satu jalur utama penghubun...

 

Staffhurst WoodSite of Special Scientific InterestLocationSurreyGrid referenceTQ 412 486[1]InterestBiologicalArea51.0 hectares (126 acres)[1]Notification1986[1]Location mapMagic Map Staffhurst Wood is a 51-hectare (130-acre) biological Site of Special Scientific Interest south of Oxted in Surrey.[1][2] It is a Nature Conservation Review site, Grade 2.[3] An area of 38.1 hectares (94 acres) is a Local Nature Reserve,[4][5] which i...

 Nota: Para Ararate, veja Ararate (província) (desambiguação). ArarateԱրարատ Localização Informação Capital Artaxata Governador Garik Sargsyan Área Total - Água (%)  9º maior2.096 km²Desprezável População estimadaem 1 de janeiro de 2005  - Densidade 5º maior 273.400120,55/km² Sítio ararat.gov.am Ararate (em armênio/arménio: Արարատ; romaniz.:Ararat; [ɑɾɑˈɾɑt] (ajuda·info)) é uma das dez províncias da Armênia e a sua capital é Artaxa...

 

European beyond visual range air-to-air missile Not to be confused with AAM-N-5 Meteor, Meteor (rocket), or Kh-80. Meteor TypeBeyond visual range air-to-air missilePlace of originEurope (multinational)Service historyIn serviceSince 2016Production historyManufacturerMBDAUnit cost€2,000,000 (2019)[1]SpecificationsMass190 kg (419 lb)[2]Length3.65 m (12 ft 0 in)[3]Diameter17.8 cm (7.0 in)WarheadHigh explosive blast-f...

 

Опис футболіст і тренер Віктор Семенович Мар'єнко Джерело ru:File:MarenkoVS.jpg Час створення невідомо Автор зображення невідомий Ліцензія Ця робота є невільною — тобто, не відповідає визначенню вільних творів культури. Згідно з рішенням фонду «Вікімедіа» від 23 березня 2007 ...

Genus of fishes Inimicus Demon stinger, Inimicus didactylus Scientific classification Domain: Eukaryota Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Chordata Class: Actinopterygii Order: Scorpaeniformes Family: Scorpaenidae Tribe: Choridactylini Genus: InimicusD. S. Jordan & Starks, 1904 Type species Pelor japonicumCuvier, 1829[1] Species See text Synonyms[1] Chorismopelor Chevey, 1927 Pelor Cuvier, 1829 Simopias Gill, 1905 Inimicus is a genus of marine ray-finned fishes, it is one of two ge...

 

Gold mine in Western Australia This article uses bare URLs, which are uninformative and vulnerable to link rot. Please consider converting them to full citations to ensure the article remains verifiable and maintains a consistent citation style. Several templates and tools are available to assist in formatting, such as reFill (documentation) and Citation bot (documentation). (September 2022) (Learn how and when to remove this template message) ThunderboxLocationThunderbox Gold MineLocation in...

 

Regent of Mangareva Akakio TematereikuraRegent of MangarevaTenure1869PredecessorMaria Eutokia ToaputeitouSuccessorArone TeikatoaraDied24 August 1869SpouseAgnès ToamaniIssueAgapaMaria-Tepano Teikatoarayoungest sonFatherMatuaMotherToa-MatuiReligionRoman Catholicism Akakio Tematereikura (died 1869) was the Prince Regent of the Polynesian island of Mangareva and other territories of the Gambier Islands, including Akamaru, Aukena, Taravai and Temoe, in 1869. He served as regent and de facto monar...

High-power laser at the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory View down Nova's laser bay between two banks of beamlines. The blue boxes contain the amplifiers and their flashtube pumps, the tubes between the banks of amplifiers are the spatial filters. Nova was a high-power laser built at the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL) in California, United States, in 1984 which conducted advanced inertial confinement fusion (ICF) experiments until its dismantling in 1999. Nova was the fir...

 

51st Venice International Film FestivalFestival posterLocationVenice, ItalyFounded1932AwardsGolden Lion:Before the RainVive L'AmourFestival date1 – 12 September 1994WebsiteWebsiteVenice Film Festival chronology52nd 50th The 51st annual Venice International Film Festival was held on 1 September to 12 September, 1994.[1][2] American filmmaker David Lynch was the Jury President of the main competition. The Golden Lion winners were Before the Rain directed by Milcho Manchevski a...

 

Railway station in Tamil Nadu, India Minjur Indian Railways and Chennai Suburban Railway stationGeneral informationLocationMinjur, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, IndiaCoordinates13°16′54″N 80°15′36″E / 13.28167°N 80.26000°E / 13.28167; 80.26000Owned byMinistry of Railways, Indian RailwaysLine(s)North line of Chennai Suburban RailwayConstructionStructure typeStandard on-ground stationParkingAvailableOther informationStation codeMJRFare zoneSouthern RailwaysHistoryElec...

Indian film actor (1961 – 2021) Rajiv KapoorKapoor in 2016BornRajiv Raj Kapoor(1962-08-25)25 August 1962[1]Mumbai, Maharashtra, IndiaDied9 February 2021 (2021-02-10) (aged 58)[2]Mumbai, Maharashtra, IndiaNationalityIndianOccupation(s)ActorFilm directorFilm producerYears active1983–1999, 2020–2021Spouse Aarti Sabharwal ​ ​(m. 2001; div. 2003)​ParentsRaj Kapoor (father)Krishna Kapoor (mother)FamilyKapoor family...

 

1988 filmPhantom of DeathDirected byRuggero DeodatoScreenplay by Gigliola Battagnini Vincenzo Mannino Gianfranco Clerici[1] Story by Vincenzo Mannino Gianfranco Clerici[1] Produced byPiettro Innocenzi[1]Starring Michael York Donald Pleasence Edwige Fenech CinematographyGiorgio Di Battista[1]Edited byDaniele Alabiso[1]Music byPino Donaggio[1]Productioncompanies Globe Film Tandem Cinematografica[1] Release date 1988 (1988) CountryItal...

 

Comandos Militares do Brasil Comando Militar do Sudeste CMSEComando Militar do Sudeste Região Militar 2ª Região Militar Fundação 1946 Comandante Gen Div Pedro Celso Coelho Montenegro Localização Avenida Sargento Mário Kozel Filho, 222, IbirapueraSão Paulo São Paulo Página oficial Página oficial Abrangência São Paulo O Comando Militar do Sudeste (CMSE) é um dos Comandos Militares do Brasil, com sede na cidade de São Paulo (SP). É o comando enquadrante da 2ª Região Milit...

Surat Balasan Kazaki ZaporozhiaRusia: Запорожцы пишут письмо турецкому султану, Ukraina: Запорожці пишуть листа турецькому султановіSenimanIlya RepinTahun1880–1891MediumCat minyak pada kanvasUkuran203 cm × 358 cm (80 in × 141 in)LokasiMuseum Negara Rusia, Saint Petersburg Surat Balasan Kazaki Zaporozhia, atau dikenal juga sebagai Kazaki dari Saporog Sedang Menyusun Pernyata...

 

Military outpost in Niger For the Palestinian village, see Madama, Nablus. For the play, see Madama Butterfly. This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.Find sources: Madama – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR (November 2014) (Learn how and when to remove this template message) Aerial view of the fort of M...

 

Fictional human Comics character Courtney WhitmoreStargirl as she appeared on a promotional image of Stargirl Spring Break Special #1 (May 2021).Art by Todd Nauck.Publication informationPublisherDC ComicsFirst appearanceAs Courtney Whitmore:Stars and S.T.R.I.P.E. #0 (July 1999)As Stargirl:JSA: All Stars #4 (October 2003)Created byCourtney Whitmore:Geoff JohnsLee ModerStargirl:Geoff JohnsDavid S. GoyerIn-story informationAlter egoCourtney Elizabeth WhitmoreTeam affiliationsJustice Society of A...

This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.Find sources: Next Magazine New York City – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR (December 2016) (Learn how and when to remove this template message) Next MagazineFirst issue, July 1993CategoriesLGBT cultureFrequencyWeeklyCirculation50,000PublisherKevin Hopper &#...

 

Dieser Artikel oder nachfolgende Abschnitt ist nicht hinreichend mit Belegen (beispielsweise Einzelnachweisen) ausgestattet. Angaben ohne ausreichenden Beleg könnten demnächst entfernt werden. Bitte hilf Wikipedia, indem du die Angaben recherchierst und gute Belege einfügst. National-Zeitung Beschreibung deutsche rechtsextreme Zeitung Verlag DSZ-Verlag Hauptsitz München Erstausgabe 1950/1951 Einstellung 20. Dezember 2019 Erscheinungsweise wöchentlich Weblink www.national-zeitung.de/...

 

Strategi Solo vs Squad di Free Fire: Cara Menang Mudah!