Arthur Sturgis Hardy

Arthur Sturgis Hardy
Arthur Sturgis Hardy, c. 1900
4th Premier of Ontario
In office July 21, 1896 – October 21, 1899
Monarch	Victoria
Lieutenant Governor	George Airey Kirkpatrick Casimir Gzowski (acting) Oliver Mowat
Preceded by	Oliver Mowat
Succeeded by	George William Ross
Ontario MPP
In office 1873–1899
Preceded by	Edmund Burke Wood
Succeeded by	Thomas Hiram Preston
Constituency	Brant South
Leader of the Ontario Liberal Party
In office 1896–1899
Preceded by	Oliver Mowat
Succeeded by	George William Ross
Personal details
Born	(1837-12-14)December 14, 1837 Mount Pleasant, Upper Canada
Died	June 13, 1901(1901-06-13) (aged 63) Toronto, Ontario
Resting place	Greenwood Cemetery (original) Farringdon Burial Ground (current)
Political party	Liberal
Spouse	Mary Morrison
Signature

Arthur Sturgis Hardy, QC (December 14, 1837 – June 13, 1901) was a Canadian lawyer and Liberal politician who served as the fourth premier of Ontario from 1896 to 1899.

Early life

Born in Mount Pleasant, Brant County, in 1837, Hardy was the son of Russell and Juletta (Sturgis) Hardy, United Empire Loyalists. He studied at the Rockwood Academy in Rockwood, Province of Canada, and he became town solicitor for Brantford in 1867, a bencher of the Law Society of Upper Canada in 1875, and a QC in 1876. On January 19, 1870, he married Mary Morrison, daughter of Judge Joseph Curran Morrison.

Political career

First elected to the Legislative Assembly of Ontario in 1873, he was promoted to the Cabinet of Sir Oliver Mowat in 1877 as Provincial Secretary. In 1889, as Commissioner of Crown Lands, Hardy established the Algonquin and Rondeau provincial parks. Well known for his support of Mowat's liberalism, he was described in Grip as a hard-nosed and down-to-earth politician in Mowat's service:

The more wickeder he is, playing euchre and swearing and entertaining thirsty strangers, the brighter does the virtue of Mowat shine by contrast.

Entering his sixties and having been in government for over twenty years, Hardy lacked the energy and strength to take the government forward or excite the populace when he succeeded Mowat as both Premier and Attorney-General in 1896. Initially reluctant to accept the positions, he said:

you know how very difficult it is in this wicked world to let high honours pass.

Aware of his weakness, he relied heavily on his minister of education, George William Ross.

Because there were Liberal governments in both Ottawa and Ontario, Hardy was urged to reassure French-speaking Catholics' concerns over the Manitoba Schools Question by appointing François-Eugène-Alfred Évanturel as Speaker of the Legislative Assembly. In the 1898 election, Hardy's government was returned with a narrow six seat majority due to the collapse of the agrarian Patrons of Industry party which had served as the Liberal's allies in the legislature, as well as the rise of Catholic and urban support for the Conservatives under James Pliny Whitney.

Hardy's most significant—and controversial—achievement occurred in 1898 with passage of an Act providing for all pine cut under licence on crown lands to be sawn into lumber in Canada.^[1] Michigan lumbermen sought to have the amendment disallowed for encroaching on the federal trade and commerce power, but Wilfrid Laurier's government refused to do so.^[2]

Exhausted and needing money, Hardy retired from politics in 1899 and died two years later from appendicitis.^[3] Hardy's body was originally interred at Greenwood Cemetery, however 34 years after his death, his son Senator Arthur Charles Hardy had the remains of Hardy, his wife, and their daughter Gladys Mary Starr moved to Farringdon Burial Ground.^[4]

Legacy

An Ontario Historical Plaque was erected in Brantford, Ontario, by the province to commemorate Hardy's role in Ontario's history.^[5] On June 25, 2009, a new plaque was unveiled to commemorate Hardy under the initiative of Premiers' Gravesites Program.^[6] Local politicians, guests and family members paid tribute to the former politician. The family included his great-great-great-granddaughter and the children of his great-nephew Hagood Hardy.

Electoral history

v t e Ontario provincial by-election, May 1873: Brant South Resignation of Edmund Burke Wood
Party	Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Liberal	Arthur Sturgis Hardy	1,288	53.76	+6.45
	Independent	J.J. Hawkins	1,108	46.24
Total valid votes			2,396	100.0	+7.73
	Liberal gain from Conservative		Swing		+6.45
Source: History of the Electoral Districts, Legislatures and Ministries of the Province of Ontario[7]: 22

v t e 1875 Ontario general election: Brant South
Party	Candidate	Votes
	Liberal	Arthur Sturgis Hardy	Acclaimed
Source: Elections Ontario[8]

v t e Ontario provincial by-election, March 1877: Brant South Ministerial by-election
Party	Candidate	Votes
	Liberal	Arthur Sturgis Hardy	Acclaimed
Source: History of the Electoral Districts, Legislatures and Ministries of the Province of Ontario[7]: 22

v t e 1879 Ontario general election: Brant South
Party	Candidate	Votes	%
	Liberal	Arthur Sturgis Hardy	1,622	56.87
	Conservative	Mr. Wilson	1,230	43.13
Total valid votes			2,852	60.93
Eligible voters			4,681
	Liberal hold		Swing		–
Source: Elections Ontario[9]

References

1. An Act respecting the Manufacture of Pine cut on the Crown Domain, S.O. 1898, c. 9 (which later became The Crown Timber Act, S.O. 1913, c. 8, s. 5 )
2. The Act's constitutionality was upheld by the Ontario Court of Appeal: Smylie v The Queen, 27 O.A.R. 172 (C.A. 1900).
3. Dictionary of Canadian Biography
4. "Brant Museum and Archives". Archived from the original on 2009-05-21. Retrieved 2009-06-30.
5. "Ontario's Historical Plaques - Arthur Sturgis Hardy". Archived from the original on 2014-02-02.
6. "Premiers' Gravesites Program - Premiers honoured". Archived from the original on 2014-03-13. Retrieved 2013-09-16.
7. Lewis, Roderick (1968). Centennial Edition of a History of the Electoral Districts, Legislatures and Ministries of the Province of Ontario, 1867–1968. OCLC 1052682.
8. "Data Explorer". Elections Ontario. 1875. Retrieved April 6, 2024.
9. "Data Explorer". Elections Ontario. 1879. Retrieved April 17, 2024.

Further reading

• George Maclean Rose, ed. (1886). A Cyclopedia of Canadian Biography: Being Chiefly Men of the Time. Toronto: Rose Publishing Co. pp. 629–630.
• Ontario - Record of the Liberal Government: 26 Years of Progressive Legislation and Honest Administration, 1872–1898. Toronto: Ontario Liberal Association. 1898.
• Trevor, David Owen (1973). Arthur S. Hardy and Ontario politics, 1896–1899 (M.A.). University of Guelph. Archived from the original on December 19, 2013.

External links

• Burley, David G. (1994). "Hardy, Arthur Sturgis". In Cook, Ramsay; Hamelin, Jean (eds.). Dictionary of Canadian Biography. Vol. XIII (1901–1910) (online ed.). University of Toronto Press.
• Ontario Legislative Assembly parliamentary history
• Arthur Sturgis Hardy fonds, Archives of Ontario