Archer Milton Huntington (March 10, 1870 – December 11, 1955) was an American philanthropist and scholar, primarily known for his contributions to the field of Hispanic studies. He founded the Hispanic Society of America in New York City, and made numerous contributions to the American Geographical Society.[1][2]
Huntington is primarily known for his scholarly works in the field of Hispanic Studies and for founding The Hispanic Society of America in New York City in 1904. It is a museum and rare books library whose collections focus on Old Spain and are unrivaled outside Spain.
He purchased a house in the city of Valladolid in Spain where author Miguel de Cervantes had lived for a short while.[citation needed] He later bequeathed it and other Cervantine artifacts to the Spanish nation and it is now a museum.[citation needed]
In 1908 Huntington met Spanish impressionist painter Joaquin Sorolla in England. Huntington soon made him a member of the Hispanic Society, and invited him to exhibit there in 1909. This grand exhibition comprised 356 paintings, 195 of which sold. Sorolla spent five months in the United States and painted more than twenty portraits.[5]
Ayamonte or La pesca del atún (1919). This is the last of Joaquin Sorolla's 14 murals completed for the Hispanic Society in Manhattan.
In 1911, Huntington commissioned Sorolla to paint 14 murals that came to be known as Vision of Spain. These are considered to be the major commission of Sorolla's career.[6] His enormous canvases hang in what is now called the Sorolla Room of the Hispanic Society building in Manhattan; the room was opened in 1926 following Sorolla's death and dedicated to him. A major restoration of this room was completed in 2010.[7] During the restoration of the Sorolla Room, the murals toured major art museums in Spain.
Huntington's wife, Anna Hyatt Huntington, was a noted American sculptor. She sculpted the bronze statues and limestone bas-reliefs that stand outside the entrance to the Hispanic Society building.
American Geographical Society
In 1894 Archer Huntington became a Fellow of the American Geographical Society and a Councilor in 1904, the same year he founded the Hispanic Society of America. In 1907, Huntington was elected President of the American Geographical Society.[9] Huntington donated land on Audubon Terrace to the AGS in 1911 and “contributed the greater part of the cost of construction” for the new building himself; Huntington also provided generous financial assistance to the AGS throughout his tenure as member.[9]
Huntington was one of the Society's most influential leaders; he provided new facilities which enabled the AGS to expand its “staff, collections, and activities,” arranged for the AGS to conduct a transcontinental excursion for geographers around the world in 1912, balanced the Society's budget, expanded its library, coordinated a collaboration between the AGS and the Association of American Geographers, and selected Isaiah Bowman as the first Director of the American Geographical Society.[9]
Huntington was also responsible for the acquisition of the American Geographical Society Library's oldest world map: the LeardoMappamundi.[10] Huntington donated the 15th century map to the AGS of NY in 1906 and the map now resides in the American Geographical Society Library at the University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee. In a letter honoring Huntington after his death in 1955, the Society stated that Huntington would be remembered for his work bringing many institutions together with “academic dignity and repose.” [11]
Philanthropy
In 1915, Huntington donated land next to the Hispanic Society in Washington Heights on which the American Academy of Arts and Letters could construct a permanent building in New York City.[12] He also donated land and funds to relocate the Numismatic Society and the Museum of the American Indian to Audubon Terrace, at this same complex.
During the Great Depression, Huntington and his wife donated major portions of property for philanthropic and public purposes, helping establish museums, parks, and facilities to support research and education. They had an estate called Atalaya Castle in coastal South Carolina, near Georgetown.
In 1936, Huntington created an endowment to establish an annual stipend for a Consultant in Poetry to the Library of Congress, a position now officially known as the Poet Laureate Consultant in Poetry to the Library of Congress. In 2006, this stipend amounted to $40,000 per year, including a $35,000 salary and $5,000 in travel expenses.[14]
In 1939, the Huntingtons donated their mansion at 1083 Fifth Avenue, and adjacent properties between 89th & 90th streets, to the National Academy, the oldest artists' organization in the United States. The property also houses the National Academy Museum and Art School.[17]
Archer M. Huntington Museum Fund at the University of Texas at Austin
Early in 1927, Mrs. Thomas Sheldon Maxey donated to the University of Texas at Austin a bronze sculpture, Diana of the Chase, by Archer's wife, Anna Hyatt Huntington.[18] The gift sparked Huntington's interest in providing an art venue on the campus. In October of 1927, Huntington donated approximately 4,300 acres of land in Galveston County to the University of Texas at Austin for the use and benefit of a museum. Originally valued at $145,000, the gift became the Archer M. Huntington Museum Fund. Over the ensuing thirty-five years the Fund contributed $600,000 of the $1.5 million raised to construct the Art Building, which housed both the University's Art Department and the Archer M. Huntington Gallery, which opened its doors to the public in late 1963.[19]
Sales of the Fund's land and reinvestment of endowment income generated distributions used to support art acquisitions, exhibitions, publications, and salaries. Distributions grew from $28,000 in fiscal year 1964 to $811,000 in fiscal year 2000, when the total value of all the Fund's assets was $24.6 million.[19]
Galleries in the Harry Ransom Center provided another venue for art on the campus, displaying the collection of paintings donated by James Michener and his wife, Mari Yoriko Sabusawa, and the Battle Collection of Plaster Casts,[20] reproductions of ancient Greek and Roman sculpture. Oil industry executive and philanthropist Jack S. Blanton, a former UT System regent, advocated for the creation of a new, modern facility that would unite all the University's art collections. In 1996, the University launched a campaign to raise funds to construct and endow a new museum building.[19] The Blanton Museum of Art, which opened to the public in 2006, now houses numerous collections acquired by the University over the decades, including the more than 1400 works of art that were acquired using the Archer M. Huntington Fund, ranging from an early Corinthian round aryballos (oil bottle), created c. 600 B.C.E.,[21] to the 4-minute video Nuevo [New] by Russian artist Anton Vidokle, created in 2003 and acquired using the Fund in 2004.[22]
Huntington first married writer Helen Manchester Gates on August 6, 1895. She was the daughter of Rev. Isaac E. Gates and Ellen M. (née Huntington) Gates, a poet and the sister of Huntington's adoptive father. While traveling in Europe at the outbreak of World War I, the young Huntington couple were temporarily detained in August 1914, and effectively under arrest by German authorities in Nuremberg, Bavaria, due to suspicions that Huntington was a spy. He was representing the American Geographical Society. Secretary of State William Jennings Bryan appealed for their release through diplomatic channels.[23] The Huntingtons had no children and divorced in 1918.
Both of the Huntingtons' birthdays were March 10. They referred to the day as "3 in 1 day;" it is marked by celebrations at Atalaya and Brookgreen Gardens in South Carolina. The Huntingtons had no children together.[24]
^Peel, Edmund: The Painter Joaquin Sorolla, Philip Wilson Publishers, Ltd., 1989, pp. 246-247
^"The Provinces of Spain". Media Center for Art History at Columbia University. Retrieved 21 April 2013.
^Burke, Marcus. "A Collection in Context: The Hispanic Society of America". Media Center for Art History at Columbia University. Retrieved 21 April 2013. These murals can be seen in detail online at this Web site. n the First Floor map at the upper right, click on the blue dot in the left-most empty room -- which shows the whole Sorolla Room.
^"History". Hispanic Society of America. 2015-06-19. Retrieved 2019-11-01.
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