Antonio Floirendo, Sr. (November 20, 1915 – June 29, 2012) was a Filipino entrepreneur and landowner whose main business was his 6000-hectare banana plantation in Panabo, Davao del Norte, Philippines, earning him the title as the "banana king" during the dictatorship of Ferdinand Marcos.[1][2][3] He was among a group of close associates of Philippine President Ferdinand Marcos referred to in media as "Marcos cronies", having benefitted from his close association with Marcos.[4][5] The Marcos mansion at 2442 Makiki Heights Drive in Honolulu, Hawaii, in which Marcos spent the last years of his life in exile, was registered under the name of Floirendo Sr.[6]
Early life and family
Floirendo was born on November 20, 1915, in Bauang, La Union. He was in his 20s when World War II took place, and made a living through the war by ferrying passengers on his calesa (horse-drawn carriage).[3] He married Nenita P. del Rosario, with whom he would have six children.[3]
Early career
After the war, Floirendo took up President Elpidio Quirino's call for people from Luzon and the Visayas to seek opportunities in Mindanao. In Davao, he put up Davao Motor Sales (DAMOSA), the first Ford dealership outside Manila.[3]
In the 1950s, Quirino gave Floirendo his big break by issuing a proclamation that granted Floirendo the title to a total of 1,200 hectares of marshland in Davao del Norte. He founded Tagum Agricultural Development Company, Inc. (TADECO) and turned the land into an abaca (Musa textilis) plantation.[3]
The abaca plantation was highly successful at first, but began to decline in the 1960s with the development of synthetic nylon ropes. Floirendo Sr. promptly shifted TADECO's focus from abaca to bananas.[3]
Association with Ferdinand Marcos
Antonio Floirendo Sr. became a close business associate of the Marcoses before Ferdinand Marcos became president, and was a major contributor to Marcos's 1965 and 1969 presidential campaigns. He also contributed to many of First Lady Imelda Marcos' projects, and was a regular part of Imelda's entourage.[7]
He chaired the Davao regional chapter of Marcos's political party Kilusang Bagong Lipunan, through which he lobbied for appointments of local officials.[8]
TADECO during the Marcos dictatorship
During the Macapagal administration, TADECO leased 6,000 hectares of prime, fertile government land for use as a banana plantation.[9] However, the project was halted because it violated the 1935 Constitution of the Philippines and Philippine corporate law, which permitted only up to 1,024 hectares of land acquisition. Senator Lorenzo Tañada chaired a Senate Blue Ribbon Committee investigation into the matter, which caused Floirendo to shelf the plan and wait for a more favorable political climate.
The plan was realized after Marcos' second term.[5] When Marcos declared Martial Law in the early 1970s, TADECO began exporting its bananas to the Japanese market, resulting in phenomenal growth for the company.[3]
Hiring of prison laborers
Floirendo also hired prisoners from the Davao Penal Colony (Dapecol) as his laborers, permitting him to take advantage of prison labor at starvation wages. Prisoners of Dapecol were given the most physically strenuous jobs in the plantation, such as harvesting, hauling, and drainage work. Workers carried over 50 kilos of bananas over long distances, and were severely punished if they damaged the bananas along the way. During the course of their work, the prisoner-laborers were exposed to many health hazards, such as the inhalation of chemicals, and were susceptible to flu, pneumonia, and other respiratory diseases.[5]
Overseas properties
Floirendo also served as a front for the Marcoses in purchasing international properties, a fact he acknowledged when he inked a compromise deal with the Philippines' Presidential Commission on Good Government after the Marcoses were ousted in 1986.[10]
With former First LadyImelda Marcos, he purchased three condominium apartments in Olympic Tower in New York City.[11] He purchased two units at the St. James Towers in Manhattan. He purchased a $1.35 million mansion in Makiki Heights in Hawaii. He purchased the $4.5 million Lindenmere estate in Long Island New York,[12] and a $2.5 million Beverly Hills property.[10]
1986 escape to Brunei
The day before Ferdinand Marcos fell from power in 1986, Floirendo and his family fled from the Philippines to Brunei.[citation needed]
Compromise deal with the Presidential Commission on Good Government
Antonio Floirendo Sr. signed a compromise deal with the Presidential Commission on Good Government (PCGG) in 1987, turning over about PHP70 million ($1.5 million) in cash and assets.[1] This included the Lindenmere Estate and Olympic Tower in New York City; a property in Beverly Hills, California; and the mansion at 2443 Makiki Heights Drive, Honolulu, Hawaii, in which Marcos lived in exile.[1]
Death
Floirendo Sr. died of kidney failure[2] on June 29, 2012, at the age of 96.[13]
Descendants
Floirendo Sr. had six children. His second child Antonio "Tonyboy" Floirendo Jr., became representative for the 2nd congressional district of Davao del Norte. His grandson, Antonio Lagdameo Jr. (through his daughter Linda F. Lagdameo), also held the same post in between the terms of his uncle Tonyboy.[3]
^Hau, Caroline S. (April 8, 2016). "What is "Crony Capitalism"?". National Graduate Institute for Policy Studies (GRIPS) Emerging State Project. Tokyo, Japan: National Graduate Institute for Policy Studies. Archived from the original on April 5, 2022. Retrieved July 19, 2018.
^ abcRicardo., Manapat (1991). Some are smarter than others: the history of Marcos' crony capitalism. New York: Aletheia Publications. ISBN9719128704. OCLC28428684.
^Cannon, Carl M.; Zielenziger, Michael (July 5, 1985). "Hidden Billions: The Draining of the Philippines -- The Top Ten". MR&MS.
^ abR., Salonga, Jovito (2000). Presidential plunder: the quest for the Marcos ill-gotten wealth. [Quezon City]: U.P. Center for Leadership, Citizenship and Democracy. ISBN9718567283. OCLC44927743.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
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