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Anton Schrötter von Kristelli
Anton Schrötter von Kristelli
	Schrötter von Kristelli, 1853 lithograph
Born	26 November 1802; Olomouc, Moravia
Died	15 April 1875 (aged 72)
Nationality	Austrian
Alma mater	University of Vienna
	Scientific career
Fields	Chemistry, mineralogy
Institutions	University of Vienna
Academic advisors	Friedrich Mohs; Andreas von Ettingshausen;
Notable students	Joseph Goldmark

Anton Schrötter von Kristelli (26 November 1802 – 15 April 1875) was an Austrian chemist and mineralogist born in Olomouc, Moravia. His son Leopold Schrötter Ritter von Kristelli (1837–1908) was a noted laryngologist.

Academic background

Anton's father was an apothecary. He initially studied medicine in Vienna at the request of his father,^[1] but switched to the natural sciences under the influence of Friedrich Mohs (1773–1839). In 1827 he became an assistant to mathematician Andreas von Ettingshausen (1796–1878) and to physicist Andreas von Baumgartner (1793–1865) at the University of Vienna. Three years later he was appointed professor of physics and chemistry at the Joanneum Technical Institute in Graz, and from 1843 served as a professor of technical chemistry at the Polytechnic Institute in Vienna. In 1845 he succeeded Paul Traugott Meissner (1778–1864) as chair of chemistry. In 1868 he was appointed Master of the Austrian State Mint (Münze Österreich). Declining health made him retire in 1874.^[2]

Contributions

As a chemist he conducted research involving reactions of metals with ammonia at higher temperatures, and performed investigations of substances such as amber, idrialite, ozokerite, asphalt and dopplerite. He also investigated the reactive behavior of potassium in liquid nitrous oxide, of phosphorus and antimony in liquid chlorine, and of iron towards oxygen at very low temperatures.^[1] In 1845 he discovered a process for preparing red phosphorus, a development which led to the invention of the safety match.^[2]

He was a scientific consultant to the Novara Expedition (1857–59), as well as to the Austro-Hungarian North Pole Expedition. His name is associated with the Schrötterhorn of the Ortlergruppe in the Alps and "Cape Schrötter" on Franz Josef Land.^[3]

With Ettingshausen, Baumgartner and Wilhelm von Haidinger (1795–1871), he was a founding member of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, serving as its secretary from 1851 until his death. Since 1876, the Schröttergasse in the Favoriten district of Vienna has been named in his honor.

Selected writings

Die Chemie nach ihrem gegenwärtigen Zustand (1847–1849); two volumes.
Beschreibung eines Verfahrens zur fabrikmäßigen Darstellung des amorphen Phosphors (Description of a method for factory representation of amorphous phosphorus), (1848)
Ueber einen neuen allotropischen Zustand des Phosphors (About a new allotropic state of phosphorus), (1849)
Ueber das Vorkommen des Ozons im Mineralreich (About the presence of ozone in the mineral kingdom), (1860)

Notes

NDB/ADB Deutsche Biographie (biography)

^ ^a ^b Statements based on a translation of an equivalent article at the German Wikipedia
^ ^a ^b Kohn, Moritz (1944). "The discovery of red phosphorus (1847) by Anton von Schrötter (1802-1875)" (PDF). J. Chem. Educ. 21 (11): 522, 554. Bibcode:1944JChEd..21..522K. doi:10.1021/ed021p522.^{[permanent dead link‍]}
^ Short biography @ aeiou Encyclopedia

[DW-1] Statements based on a translation of an equivalent article at the German Wikipedia

[kohn-2] Kohn, Moritz (1944). "The discovery of red phosphorus (1847) by Anton von Schrötter (1802-1875)" (PDF). J. Chem. Educ. 21 (11): 522, 554. Bibcode:1944JChEd..21..522K. doi:10.1021/ed021p522.^{[permanent dead link‍]}

[3] Short biography @ aeiou Encyclopedia

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