Dermot Bradley: Die Generale und Admirale der Bundeswehr. Band 1 (Adam – Fuhr), Osnabrück 1998, ISBN978-3-7648-2492-1.
Busch, Rainer; Röll, Hans-Joachim (1999). German U-boat commanders of World War II : a biographical dictionary. Translated by Brooks, Geoffrey. London, Annapolis, Md: Greenhill Books, Naval Institute Press. ISBN1-55750-186-6.