Henderson was born in Hemel Hempstead, Hertfordshire in 1998 and grew up in Edlesborough in Buckinghamshire. She attended Aylesbury High School.[4] Growing up, her ambition was to win an Olympic medal in the Winter Olympics. She was a competitive international ski racer, however in 2015, a major crash in the National Championships in Tignes forced Henderson to step back from Skiing and used cycling as a rehab method, she then changed her interest to cycling. She made the decision when she was fifteen. She had broken her leg and cycling was prescribed as helpful to her recovery. As a result, cycling became her focus.[5] In 2021, Henderson graduated from the University of Birmingham, completing a Sports Science degree.
In 2022, Henderson secured a silver medal in the Time Trial at the 2022 Commonwealth Games where Grace Brown of Australia took the gold medal. This was Henderson's first major medal representing her country.
In September 2023 she was in the Netherlands at the UEC European Road Championships. She was second in the Women's Time Trial[9] and she was eighth in the Road race. She had come home in the time trial in first position, but Switzerland's Marlen Reusser finished after her with a better time.[9]
Henderson qualified for the time trial at the 2024 Olympics and she was identified in the British press as a potential medalist. They cited her British titles and her success in gaining a silver at the previous year’s European championships, and fourth place in Glasgow at the world championships.[5] She took a silver medal in the time trial at the 2024 Summer Olympics behind Grace Brown of Australia[10][11] on very wet Parisian roads.[12]
