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The Anim or Fly River languages are a language family in south-central New Guinea established by Usher & Suter (2015).[1] The names of the family derive from the Fly River and from the Proto-Anim word *anim 'people'.[1]
Languages
The 17 Anim languages belong to the following four subfamilies:[2]
The moribund Abom language, previously considered a member of the Tirio family, is of uncertain classification, possibly Trans–New Guinea, but does not appear to be Anim. The extinct Karami language, attested only in a short word list and previously assigned to the Inland Gulf family, defies classification (Usher and Suter 2015).
Anim languages and respective demographic information listed by Evans (2018) are provided below.[3]
By 2020, comparison with the neighboring TNG branch Awyu–Ok had led so some revision of the reconstructions. Here are the nominative and possessive/object forms:[2]
sg
pl
1
*no, *na-
*ni, *na-/*ni-
2
*ŋgo, **ŋga-
*[i/e]o, *[i/e]a-
3m
*e, *e-
*i, *i-
3f
*u, *u-
The demonstrative third-person forms *e-, *u-, *i- are an innovation shared with proto-Awyu–Ok, which has the same vowel ablaut in the second person as well. They reflect a gender ablaut of msg *e, fsg *u, nsg *[a/o], and pl *i, as in *anem 'man', *anum 'woman', *anim 'people', or *we 'father', *wu 'mother', *wi 'parents'.[2]
Lexicon
Proto-Anim lexical reconstructions by Usher & Suter (2015) are:[1]
gloss
Proto-Anim
‘house’
*aɸ(a,o)
‘younger sibling’
*am(o)=e/*am=u
‘laugh’
*awend(V)
‘thigh’
*mboɸo
‘breast’
*mbumb(V)
‘tree’
*nde
‘navel’
*ndekum(u)
‘sago’
*ndou
‘build a nest’
*ewes
‘bone’
*ɸia(u)
‘rain’
*ŋg(a,o)e
‘night’
*ŋgap(o)
‘eat, drink’
*ŋg(e,a)i
‘root’
*itit(i)
‘lip’
*itup(u)
‘cry’
*iwo
‘tooth’
*kam(V)
‘egg, seed’
*kan(a,e)
‘paddle’
*kawea
‘mouth, teeth’
*maŋg(a,o)t(o)
‘come’
*mano
‘speech, voice’
*mean(V)
‘two’
*measi
‘fruit, seed’
*moko(m)
‘heart’
*muki(k)
‘mosquito’
*naŋg(a,i)t(i)
‘banana’
*napet(o)
‘sleep’
*nu
‘forearm’
*piŋgi
‘stand’
*ratinV
‘hand’
*seŋga
‘tongue’
*sas(a)
‘meat, fish’
*sawa(i)
‘tail feathers’
*sum(V)
‘fire, tree’
*tae
‘wing’
*taɸ(u)
‘nape’
*temuk(u)
‘lie down’
*tenV
Below are selected reconstructions for Proto-Fly River (Proto-Anim) and branches by Usher (2020).[2]
^Evans, Nicholas (2018). "The languages of Southern New Guinea". In Palmer, Bill (ed.). The Languages and Linguistics of the New Guinea Area: A Comprehensive Guide. The World of Linguistics. Vol. 4. Berlin: De Gruyter Mouton. pp. 641–774. ISBN978-3-11-028642-7.
External links
Timothy Usher & Edgar Suter, New Guinea World, Proto–Fly River (see also reconstructions of branches)
ANIM Anim Anim languages Anim Zemirot Anim synagogue Mathew Anim Cudjoe Peter Anim Newman Samuel Anim Addo Sacar Anim Moses Anim Cecilia Anim Ernest Yaw Anim Vida Anim Marind people Joan Anim-Addo Goodwin Tutum Anim Alexander Anim-Mensah Samuel Anim Humanoid animation Majestic (video game) Joseph Anim-Danso AnimEigo Journal of Experimental Psychology: Animal Learning and Cognition South Papua Yu Ming Is Ainm Dom Ika-6 na Utos Animal Bioscience Canadian Journal of Animal Science Animal Reproduction Science Journal of Animal Science Animal Cognition Animal Behaviour (journal) Animal Welfare (jou…
rnal) Animal Science Journal Animal Science (journal) Animal Genetics Journal of Animal and Feed Sciences Journal of Animal Ecology Etica & Animali Journal of Animal Ethics Annual Review of Animal Biosciences International Society for Applied Ethology Animal Sentience (journal) Animal Law Review Animal Production Science Journal of Comparative Psychology Learning & Behavior Animal Biology Genetics Selection Evolution Action Man (2000 TV series) In Vitro Cellular & Developmental Biology Animal (journal) Journal of Biosciences ALTEX OmniScriptum American Fisheries Society List of Nature Research journals Frontiers Media Pulsus Group List of Dove Medical Press academic journals List of E. Schweizerbart serials Scientific Research Publishing Science Publishing Group