Alfonso d'Avalos

Alfonso d'Ávalos
Portrait of Alfonso d'Avalos and a page by Titian, c. 1533
Born	24 May 1502 Ischia, Kingdom of Naples
Died	31 March 1546 Vigevano, Lombardy
Allegiance	Kingdom of Naples  Spanish Empire  Holy Roman Empire
Service / branch	Army
Years of service	1522-1540
Rank	General
Battles / wars	Italian War of 1521–1526 Battle of Pavia War of the League of Cognac Siege of Rome Siege of Naples Battle of Capo d'Orso Ottoman–Habsburg wars Conquest of Tunis Italian War of 1542–1546 Siege of Nice Battle of Ceresole Battle of Serravalle

From Guillaume Rouillé's Promptuarii Iconum Insigniorum

Alfonso d'Avalos d'Aquino, 6th Marquis of Pescara, 2nd Marquis of Vasto (1502 – 31 March 1546), was an Italian condottiero of Aragonese origins, renowned for his service in favour of Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor and King of Spain.

Biography

He was born in Ischia, as the son of Inigo d'Avalos (1467–1503) and his wife, Laura Sanseverino (d. 1512). He was a cousin of Francesco Ferdinando I d'Ávalos, whose titles he inherited after 1525. He fought the French and the Venetians by his side. He fought at the Battle of Pavia (1525). During the period 1526-1528, he fought under Hugo of Moncada, being captured on 28 April 1528 by the Genoese captain Filippino Doria at the Capo d'Orso.

In July 1535, he served as Imperial lieutenant during the reconquest of the city of Tunis in North Africa. The failure of the third war against France trying to invade Provence, and the death of the first Governor of the Duchy of Milan, Antonio de Leyva, prompted him in 1538 to accept the nomination as governor, replacing Marino Caracciolo, the second governor, becoming some sort of protector of literary and musical people ^{[clarification needed]}. Wars with the French and North Italians ended for a while with the Treaty of Crespy (1544). He also became a Knight in the Order of the Golden Fleece.

He later represented Emperor Charles V as an ambassador, in 1538, on the succession to the new Doge of the Republic of Venice, Pietro Lando.

He commanded the Imperial army in Italy during the Italian War of 1542 and was defeated by the French at the Battle of Ceresole. However, in the Battle of Serravalle on 2 June 1544, an aftermath of the Italian War of 1542, he managed to defeat a force of freshly raised Italian mercenaries in French service, commanded by Pietro Strozzi and Giovanni Francesco Orsini, count of Pitigliano.

Personal life

On 26 November 1523, he married Maria d'Aragona (1503–1568), daughter of Duke Ferdinando di Montalto and his wife, Catalina Cardona. She was a paternal granddaughter of King Ferdinand I of Naples. They had 5 children:

• Innico d'Avalos d'Aragona, (1536–1600), an Italian Cardinal
• Francesco Ferdinando d'Ávalos (1537–1571), commander in chief of the Spanish army in Lombardy and Piedmont
• Donna Antonia d'Avalos (1538–1567)
• Cesare d'Avalos (1536–1614)
• Beatrice d'Avalos (1533–1558)

References

• Media related to Alfonso d'Avalos at Wikimedia Commons
• Oman, Charles (1937). A History of the Art of War in the Sixteenth Century. London: Methuen & Co.
• Gran Enciclopedia de España, 22 volumes, 11,052 pages, (1991), vol 3, page 1,109 ISBN 84-87544-01-0

Political offices
Preceded by Cardinal Marino Caracciolo	Governors of the Duchy of Milan 1538–1546	Succeeded by Ferrante Gonzaga