Alfonso Téllez de Meneses el Viejo

Alfonso Téllez de Meneses (c. 1161–1230),[1] known as el Viejo ("the Old"), was a nobleman of Castile and a participant in the key Reconquista battle of Las Navas de Tolosa. He was the second Lord of Meneses, Lord of Cea, Grajal,[2] Montalbán, and, through his second wife, first Lord of Alburquerque.

Family

Coat of arms of the Téllez de Meneses family: Or, a chain in bend azure.

His father was Tello Pérez de Meneses, a powerful noble in Tierra de Campos and Cea,[2] founder, with his wife Gontrodo, of the Monastery of Santa María de Matallana,[3][4][5][6] and three hospitals for lepers and pilgrims in Cuenca,[7][6] Villamartín, and in San Nicolás del Real Camino.[8][9][10] Although mistakenly considered the founders of the Monastery of Santa María de Trianos because of the donation that the couple made in 1185 with the consent of their five children, the monastery had been founded before 1125 the year in which Pope Honorius II issued a Papal bull appointing the abbot and the prior of this religious establishment.[11][12]

The mother of Alfonso Téllez de Meneses was Gontrodo García of the Fláinez family who married Tello Pérez de Meneses around 1161, the year in which he granted her arras.[13][14] Gontrodo was the daughter of García Pérez, tenente in Cea who distinguished himself in the conquest of Baeza and Almería, and of Teresa Pérez.[15] Gontrodo's parents founded the Cistercian convent of Santa María la Real in Gradefes, which she joined after she was widowed and where she eventually became the abbess.[16][17]

Life

In 1209 King Alfonso VIII ceded to Alfonso Téllez de Meneses the village of Montalbán.[18] The following year he received as a gift of the king the village of Navahermosa, its castle Dos Hermanas, and the village of Malamoneda and its eponymous castle, splitting them off from the jurisdiction of the Knights Templar.[19] Around this time Alfonso Téllez de Meneses also governed Portillo on behalf of his relative Ermengol VIII, Count of Urgell.[20]

He fought at the Battle of Las Navas de Tolosa, which took place on 16 July 1212, along with his brothers-in-law Gonzalo, Rodrigo, Pedro, Nuño, and Álvaro Rodríguez Girón, and his three brothers.[21][22]

Monastery of Santa María de Palazuelos (Corcos del Valle, Province of Valladolid), founded by Alfonso Téllez de Meneses, who, according to tradition, was laid to rest here. Some of his descendants are buried here, including Mayor Alfonso de Meneses, mother of Queen María de Molina.

In July 1213 Alfonso VIII ceded the village of Palazuelos[23] to Alfonso Téllez de Meneses[24] and he in turn donated it to a Cistercian community, specifically that of San Andrés de Valbení. In 1216 construction began on the Romanesque Monastery of Palazuelos. It was completed in the middle of the 13th century and became the headquarters of the Cistercians of Castile.[25]

In February 1216, during the uprising of Álvaro Núñez de Lara, he took part in an extraordinary parliament along with other Castilian nobles including Lope Díaz de Haro, Gonzalo Rodríguez Girón, Álvaro Díaz de Cameros, and others, where they agreed, with the support of Berengaria (sister of the young king Henry I), to form a common front against Álvaro Núñez.[26] By the end of May the situation in Castile had become dangerous for Berengaria, so she decided to take refuge in the castle of Autillo de Campos, a property of Gonzalo Rodríguez Girón, and sent her son Fernando to the court of León and his father, King Alfonso IX. On 15 August 1216 a meeting was held among all the nobility of the Kingdom of Castile to try to reach an accord and avoid civil war, but their disagreements led the families of Girón, Téllez de Meneses, and Haro distance themselves definitively from Álvaro Núñez de Lara.[27]

According to the Crónica latina de los reyes de Castilla, the year 1217 was one of great tension, such as never had occurred in Castile before. Álvaro Núñez de Lara refused to renounce the power he had gained thereto and harassed the forces that remained loyal to Berengaria, laying waste to the valley of Trigueros and besieging Autillo de Campos, where Berengaria and her partisans were located, as well as Cisneros and Frechilla.

Circumstances changed suddenly when King Henry died on 6 June 1217 after receiving a head wound from a roof tile that came loose accidentally while he was playing with other children in the palace of the Bishop of Palencia, Tello Téllez de Meneses. Álvaro Núñez de Lara, as the young king's guardian, tried to keep the matter quiet, bringing the king's body to the castle of Tariego, but he could not prevent the news from reaching Queen Berengaria.[28]

Immediately, Berengaria charged Lope Díaz de Haro, Gonzalo Rodríguez Girón, and Alfonso Téllez de Meneses with the task of discreetly fetching her son Ferdinand, who at the time was in Toro with his father King Alfonso, using as pretext the possibility of an attack on Autillo and without revealing the news of her brother's death. Despite the hesitation of the infantas Sancha and Dulce, the nobles were able to convince the King that King Henry was alive and well, thereupon leaving Toro with Ferdinand. Berengaria, the legitimate heiress to the throne of Castile, renounced it in favor of her son Ferdinand, who shortly thereafter was proclaimed king in Autillo de Campos on 14 June 1217.[29]

On 20 September of that year, Alfonso Téllez de Meneses took Álvaro Núñez de Lara prisoner, and Álvaro was obliged to hand over some fortresses. On 11 November a generous truce was signed, allowing members of the House of Lara to recover their liberty and privileges. As soon as he was released from prison, however, Álvaro once again defied his enemies Alfonso Téllez de Meneses, Gonzalo Rodríguez Girón, and Lope Díaz de Haro, but he died while laying siege to them in the fortress of Castrejón de Trabancos, where they had taken refuge after an initial defeat.[30] His brother Fernando Núñez de Lara made his way to Morocco, where he placed himself in the service of Caliph Yusuf II.[31] The Pact of Toro of 26 August 1218 ratified the truce and put an end to the conflict.[32]

Alfonso Téllez de Meneses died in 1230 while accompanying King Ferdinand on his way to his coronation as King of León, the occasion of the union of the two crowns upon the death of Alfonso IX of León.[33] He was buried, according to tradition, in the Monastery of Santa María de Palazuelos which he had founded.[34][35]

Marriage and children

Alfonso married twice. His first wife was Elvira Rodríguez Girón (? – after 22 February 1211), daughter of Rodrigo Gutiérrez Girón.[2][36] They had four children:

Between February 1211, the year in which his first wife died, and before July 1213 when he first appears with his second wife,[36][40] he married the young Portuguese Teresa Sanches, the illegitimate daughter of Sancho I of Portugal and Maria Pais Ribeira,[41] who later married Juan Fernández, tenant-in-chief in Limia and Monterroso. Alfonso probably succeeded to the Lordship of Alburquerque thanks to his second marriage to Teresa, since it was inherited by the children of this marriage, while the Lordship of Meneses passed to his firstborn, Tello, the son of his first wife. The children of this second marriage were:

  • Martín Alfonso (died after 15 June 1285), who married Mencia Rodríguez. Martín left a will dated 15 June 1285, leaving instructions for his wife Mencia, his sister María Alfonso, and his five children, Teresa, María, Alfonso, Velasco, and Gil Martínez. He also mentions his brother-in-law Gómez Rodríguez who must be Mencía's brother.[42]
  • Alfonso Alfonso de Meneses "Tizón", (died after 1252), who according to some authors married Mayor González Girón, daughter of Gonzalo Rodríguez Girón.
  • María Alfonso (died before 15 June 1285).
  • Juan Alfonso (?–1268), married to Elvira or Berenguela González Girón, daughter of Gonzalo Rodríguez Girón.[35][43]

References

  1. ^ Salcedo Tapia 1985, pp. 99 and 210.
  2. ^ a b c Sánchez de Mora 2003, p. 478.
  3. ^ Salcedo Tapia 1999, p. 82.
  4. ^ Ara Gil 2009, pp. 7–24.
  5. ^ Alonso Álvarez 2007, p. 681.
  6. ^ a b Castán Lanaspa 1984, p. 114.
  7. ^ Salcedo Tapia 1999, p. 116.
  8. ^ Barón Faraldo 2006, p. 211.
  9. ^ Castán Lanaspa 1984, pp. 112–113.
  10. ^ Salcedo Tapia 1999, p. 115.
  11. ^ Castán Lanaspa & Castán Lanaspa 1992, p. 11.
  12. ^ Calvo 1945, p. 171.
  13. ^ Calvo 1945, p. 311.
  14. ^ Salcedo Tapia 1999, pp. 60–61.
  15. ^ Calvo 1945, pp. 174 and 233.
  16. ^ Torres Sevilla-Quiñones de León 1999, pp. 150–153.
  17. ^ Calvo 1945, pp. 163–167.
  18. ^ Arce, año 1209[usurped].
  19. ^ Arce, año 1210[usurped].
  20. ^ Vara Thorbeck 2005, p. 166.
  21. ^ Salcedo Tapia 1999, pp. 136–137.
  22. ^ Sánchez de Mora 2003, p. 236, Vol. I.
  23. ^ Note that this village does not correspond to any of the towns currently named "Palazuelos".
  24. ^ Ara Gil 2001, pp. 63–64.
  25. ^ a b c d Salcedo Tapia 1999, p. 139.
  26. ^ Sánchez de Mora 2003, p. 254.
  27. ^ Sánchez de Mora 2003, p. 259.
  28. ^ Sánchez de Mora 2003, pp. 267–268.
  29. ^ Sánchez de Mora 2003, p. 268.
  30. ^ Sánchez de Mora 2003, pp. 273–276.
  31. ^ Sánchez de Mora 2003, pp. 241–242.
  32. ^ Sánchez de Mora 2003, p. 275.
  33. ^ Salcedo Tapia 1985, p. 211.
  34. ^ Ara Gil 2001, p. 66.
  35. ^ a b Salcedo Tapia 1999, p. 166.
  36. ^ a b c d e Barón Faraldo 2006, p. 207.
  37. ^ Salcedo Tapia 1985, pp. 139 and 171-172.
  38. ^ Salcedo Tapia 1999, p. 172.
  39. ^ Lodo de Mayoralgo 1985, p. 73.
  40. ^ Sánchez de Mora 2003, p. 4798.
  41. ^ Salcedo Tapia 1999, p. 133.
  42. ^ Barón Faraldo 2006, p. 208.
  43. ^ Barón Faraldo 2006, pp. 207–208.

Bibliography

  • Alonso Álvarez, Raquel (2007). "Los promotores de la Orden del Císter en los reinos de Castilla y León: Familias aristocráticas y damas nobles". Anuario de Estudios Medievales (in Spanish). 37 (37/2): 653–710. doi:10.3989/aem.2007.v37.i2.50. hdl:10651/21710. ISSN 0066-5061.
  • Ara Gil, Julia (2001). "El Monasterio de Santa María de Palazuelos: un frágil testimonio del pasado" (PDF). Boletín de la Real Academia de Bellas Artes de la Purísima Concepción (in Spanish) (36). Valladolid, Spain: Real Academia de Bellas Artes de la Purísima Concepción. ISSN 1132-0788. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2013-09-28. Retrieved 29 July 2012.
  • Ara Gil, Clementina Julia (September 2009). "Monasterio de Santa María de Matallana" (PDF). Argaya: Revista de Cultura (in Spanish). Diputación de Valladolid: 7–24. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2013-09-27. Retrieved 2021-05-18.
  • Arce, Jordi Gibert. "Cronología histórica". Archived from the original on October 15, 2011. Retrieved 31 July 2012.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link)
  • Barón Faraldo, Andrés (2006). Grupos y dominios aristocráticos en la Tierra de Campos oriental, Siglos X-XIII. Palencia: Monografías. ISBN 84-8173-122-6.
  • Calvo, Aurelio (1945). El Monasterio de Gradefes: Apuntes para su histora y la de algunos otros cenobios y pueblos del Concejo (in Spanish). León: Imprenta Provincial. OCLC 4156821.
  • Castán Lanaspa, Guillermo; Castán Lanaspa, Javier (1992). Documentos del Monasterio de Santa María de Trianos (Siglos XII-XIII) (in Spanish). Salamanca: Ediciones Universidad de Salamanca. ISBN 84-7481-713-7.
  • Castán Lanaspa, Guillermo (1984). "San Nicolás del Real Camino: Un hospital de leprosos castellano-leonés en la Edad Media" (PDF). Publicaciones de la Institución Tello Téllez de Meneses (in Spanish) (51). ISSN 0210-7317.
  • Estepa Díez, Carlos (2003). Las Behetrías Castellanas, Vol. I. Junta de Castilla y León, Consejería de Cultura y Turismo. ISBN 84-9718-117-4.
  • Lodo de Mayoralgo, José Miguel (1985). "Los Blázquez de Cáceres, los Mayoralgos, y los Ovandos: estudio crítico sobre su origen y genealogía (siglos XIII al XV)". Estudios genealógicos y heráldicos (in Spanish) (1). Madrid: Asociación española de estudios genealógicos y heráldicos. ISBN 84-398-3591-4. Retrieved 29 July 2012.
  • "Monasterio de Palazuelos" (in Spanish). Arteguías. Retrieved 29 July 2012.
  • Rochwert-Zuili, Patricia, ed. (2010). "Crónica de Castilla". Les livres d'e-Spania. Sources (in Spanish). Paris: Revues.org & SEMH-Sorbonne. doi:10.4000/books.esb.63. ISBN 978-2-919448-07-4. ISSN 2109-8972. Retrieved 29 July 2012.
  • Rodríguez Salcedo, Severino (1949). "Memorias de don Tello Téllez de Meneses". Publicaciones de la Institución Tello Téllez de Meneses (1). Palencia, Spain: Institución Tello Téllez de Meneses: 13–38. ISSN 0210-7317.
  • Ruiz Gómez, Francisco (2003). Los orígenes de las órdenes militares y la repoblación de los territorios de La Mancha (1150-1250). Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas. ISBN 84-00-08159-5.
  • Salcedo Tapia, Modesto (1985). "La vida de don Tello Téllez de Meneses, obispo de Palencia". Publicaciones de la Institución Tello Téllez de Meneses (in Spanish) (53). Palencia, Spain: Institución Tello Téllez de Meneses. ISSN 0210-7317. Retrieved 29 July 2012.
  • Salcedo Tapia, Modesto (1999). La familia Téllez de Meneses en los tronos de Castilla y Portugal (in Spanish). Palencia: Institución Tello Téllez de Meneses CECEL-CSIC, y Diputación de Palencia, Departamento de Cultura. ISBN 848173-070-X.
  • Sánchez de Mora, Antonio (2003). La nobleza castellana en la plena Edad Media: el linaje de Lara (SS. XI–XIII) (Ph.D.) (in Spanish). Universidad de Sevilla. Retrieved 29 July 2012.
  • Torres Sevilla-Quiñones de León, Margarita (1999). Linajes nobiliarios de León y Castilla. Salamanca: Junta de Castilla y León. ISBN 84-7846-781-5.
  • Vara Thorbeck, Carlos (2005). "Historia medieval de la Villa de Portillo". Arbor. 181 (714): 163–169. doi:10.3989/arbor.2005.i714.424.

Read other articles:

Bill Flores William Hose Flores Sr. /ˈflɔːrɛz/ (lahir 25 Februari 1954)[1] adalah seorang politikus dan pengusaha Amerika Serikat yang menjadi anggota DPR sejak 2011.[2] Ia adalah anggota Partai Republik dan mantan kepala jabatan eksekutif Phoenix Exploration Company, sebuah perusahaan minyak dan gas alam. Referensi ^ Guide to the New Congress (PDF). CQ Roll Call. November 4, 2010. Diarsipkan dari versi asli (PDF) tanggal July 8, 2011. Diakses tanggal November 24, 2010....

 

Teh adalah minuman kedua yang paling banyak dikonsumsi di dunia, setelah air. Jus jeruk Minuman soda Secangkir kopi Minuman adalah cairan yang dimaksudkan untuk dikonsumsi manusia. Selain fungsi dasar mereka untuk memuaskan dahaga, minuman memainkan peran penting dalam budaya manusia. Jenis minuman yang umum termasuk air minum biasa, susu, jus, smoothie, dan minuman-minuman bersoda. Minuman hangat tradisional termasuk kopi, teh, dan cokelat panas. Minuman berkafein yang mengandung kafein stim...

 

سفارة سلوفينيا في الصين سلوفينيا الصين الإحداثيات 39°57′37″N 116°27′48″E / 39.96041°N 116.46326°E / 39.96041; 116.46326  البلد الصين  المكان بكين  الموقع الالكتروني الموقع الرسمي تعديل مصدري - تعديل   سفارة سلوفينيا في الصين هي أرفع تمثيل دبلوماسي[1] لدولة سلوفينيا لدى ال

American priest For other people named John Hancock, see John Hancock (disambiguation). John Hancock Sr.portrait by John SmibertBorn(1671-03-01)March 1, 1671Cambridge, Massachusetts, British AmericaDiedDecember 6, 1752(1752-12-06) (aged 81)Lexington, Massachusetts, British AmericaResting placeOld Burying Ground, Lexington, Massachusetts, United StatesOccupation(s)Clergyman, Soldier, Planter, PoliticianTitleColonelSpouseElizabeth ClarkChildrenJohn Hancock Jr.Thomas HancockRelativesJohn Ha...

 

 Nota: Se procura por outros condados com o mesmo nome, veja Condado de Jefferson. Condado de JeffersonJefferson County Condados dos Estados Unidos Dados gerais Estado Washington Sede Port Townsend Maior cidade Port Townsend Características geográficas Área 5,655 km² População 25,953 (2000) Densidade 6 hab/km² Portal Estados Unidos O Condado de Jefferson é um dos 39 condados do Estado americano de Washington. A sede de condado é Port Townsend, e sua maior cidade é Port Townsend...

 

Trem Istanbul Trem Bombardier Flexity yang berjalan dari Hudavendigar Cd menuju Kabataş pada jalur trem T1.InfoPemilikMunisipalitas Metropolitan IstanbulJenisTremJumlah jalur2 (T1 & T4)[1]Jumlah stasiunT1: 31[2] T4: 22[3]Penumpang harianT1: 320,000[2]T4: 95,000[3]OperasiDimulaiT1: 13 Juni 1992 (1992-06-13)[2]T4: 12 September 2007 (2007-09-12)[3]Operatorİstanbul Ulaşım A.Ş.Jumlah gerbongT1: 92 (55 Flexity Swift, 37 Cita...

This article is about the Scottish journalist and politician. For the Wisconsin produce dealer and legislator, see David Whitton (Wisconsin politician). David WhittonDavid Whitton MSP (right) with Hilary Benn MP and Councillor Una WalkerMember of the Scottish Parliamentfor Strathkelvin and BearsdenIn office3 May 2007 – 22 March 2011Preceded byJean TurnerSucceeded byFiona McLeodMajority3,388 (9.3%) Personal detailsBorn (1952-04-22) 22 April 1952 (age 71)Forfar, ScotlandPol...

 

American music executive (born 1965) Suge redirects here. For the 2019 song by DaBaby, see Suge (song). Suge KnightKnight in June 2007BornMarion Hugh Knight Jr. (1965-04-19) April 19, 1965 (age 58)Compton, California, U.S.EducationEl Camino CollegeUniversity of Nevada, Las VegasOccupationsRecord producermusic executivebusinessmanYears active1987–19962001–2015Criminal statusIncarceratedChildren5AllegianceMob Piru Bloods[1]Conviction(s)Voluntary manslaughterCriminal charge...

 

Path in Bramley Bank Bramley Bank is a 10.3 hectare local nature reserve in Upper Shirley in the London Borough of Croydon. It is owned by Croydon Council and managed by the London Wildlife Trust.[1][2][3][4] The site has acid grassland, woodland and a pond. Flowers include common violets and enchanter's nightshade, and there are displays of bluebells in the spring. The woodland is mainly oak, ash and sycamore. The margin of the pond has yellow flag and flote g...

Great Canadian Dollar Store Ltd.TypePrivateIndustryVariety storeFounded1993 (1993) in Vancouver Island, BC, CanadaFoundersBud WalkerVivian Walker Sold 2015 to Kevin & Jane Kane, Quispamsis, NBHeadquartersQuispamsis, New Brunswick, CanadaNumber of locations126Area servedCanadaKey peopleKevin Kane (Owner)ProductsParty, Stationery, Housewares, Hardware, Confectionery, Toys, Crafts, Giftware, Cleaning and School SuppliesWebsitewww.dollarstores.com Great Canadian Dollar Store storefront G...

 

American college basketball season 1902–03 Michigan State Normal Normalites men's basketballConferenceIndependentRecord1–6Head coachClayton T. Teetzel (2nd season)Home arenaGymnasiumSeasons← 1901–021903–04 → The 1902–03 team finished with a record 1–5. It was the second and final year for head coach Clayton T. Teetzel. The team captain was R.C. Smith and team manager was C.B. Jordan. Roster Name Position R.C. Smith Center Chas. M. Novak Forward Seif...

 

Retrato de Ana María de Loyola Coya y su esposo. Detalle de una pintura existente en la Iglesia de la Compañía (Cuzco). Escudo de la familia Loyola. Ana María Lorenza García Sayri Túpac de Loyola y Coya (Penco, 1593-Madrid, 7 de diciembre de 1630) fue una noble mestiza hispano-inca, señora del Valle de Yucay y primera marquesa de Santiago de Oropesa. Descendiente de los Incas de Vilcabamba, emparentada con San Ignacio de Loyola y por matrimonio, con San Francisco de Borja y la Casa de ...

This article has multiple issues. Please help improve it or discuss these issues on the talk page. (Learn how and when to remove these template messages) This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.Find sources: Crystal Mall Rajkot – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR (January 2021) (Learn how and when to rem...

 

American cartoonist This article has multiple issues. Please help improve it or discuss these issues on the talk page. (Learn how and when to remove these template messages) This article may rely excessively on sources too closely associated with the subject, potentially preventing the article from being verifiable and neutral. Please help improve it by replacing them with more appropriate citations to reliable, independent, third-party sources. (August 2023) (Learn how and when to remove thi...

 

This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.Find sources: New Town Plaza – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR (March 2019) (Learn how and when to remove this template message) Shopping mall in Sha Tin, Hong Kong新城市廣場New Town PlazaNew Town Plaza in November, 2020Location18-19 Sha Tin Centre Street, S...

Russian engineer This article uses bare URLs, which are uninformative and vulnerable to link rot. Please consider converting them to full citations to ensure the article remains verifiable and maintains a consistent citation style. Several templates and tools are available to assist in formatting, such as reFill (documentation) and Citation bot (documentation). (October 2022) (Learn how and when to remove this template message) Fyodor Pirotsky, picture taken in 1898 Fyodor Apollonovich Pirots...

 

Thalia MaraBornElizabeth Symons[1]June 28, 1911Chicago, Illinois, USDiedOctober 8, 2003(2003-10-08) (aged 92)Jackson, Mississippi, USOccupationBallet educator Thalia Mara Mahoney (née Elizabeth Symons; June 28, 1911 – October 8, 2003) was an American ballet dancer and educator who authored 11 books on the subject.[2] Biography Mara was born Elizabeth Simons in Chicago in 1911, the daughter of Russian émigré parents.[1][2][3] After beginning he...

 

Die Neue Donau im Bereich zwischen Kaisermühlen und Floridsdorf, Blick Richtung Westen, flussaufwärts; links im Bild das Hauptgerinne der Donau. Blick vom Leopoldsberg nordwärts auf den Anfang der Donauinsel und das Einlaufbauwerk der Neuen Donau. Blick von der Reichsbrücke auf die Neue Donau mit der Donau City Die Neue Donau ist ein orografisch linker, nordöstlicher geradliniger Seitenarm der Donau in Wien. Sie wurde im Rahmen der zweiten Wiener Donauregulierung 1972 bis 1987 als Entlas...

Santiago del Arrabal, view from the Puerta de Bisagra Nueva A portal of the church Santiago del Arrabal is a church in Toledo, Spain, built in 1245–48, at the orders of Sancho II, on the site of an earlier building, possibly a mosque. Many characteristics of Islamic architecture, such as the horseshoe arch, have remained in the present building which is built in the Mudéjar style. The church is dedicated to Saint James (Santiago in Spanish), del Arrabal refers to its location on the outski...

 

British actress Mabel Lucy Hackney as Phyllis in The Thunderbolt (1908) Mabel Lucy Hackney (1872 – 29 May 1914) was a British actress and the wife of the dramatist and actor Laurence Irving and daughter-in-law of the actor Henry Irving in whose company she acted before she joined that of her husband. She died along with her husband in the RMS Empress of Ireland disaster in 1914.[1] Early career She was born in Swansea in Wales in 1872, the daughter of William Hackney (1842–1891) a...

 

Strategi Solo vs Squad di Free Fire: Cara Menang Mudah!