Alexander Bogen (Hebrew: אלכסנדר בוגן; born 24 January 1916 – 20 October 2010) was a Polish-Israeli visual artist, a decorated leader of partisans during World War II, a key player in 20th century Yiddish culture, and one of the trailblazers for art education and Artists' associations in the emerging state of Israel.
Biography
Alexander Bogen was born in Tartu, Estonia[2] and brought up in Wilno. As a young boy he adhered to the values of the Yiddish culture of Yung Vilne, as well as to the modern Polish culture. After completing his studies at the gymnasium, he was accepted to the Stefan Batory art academy affiliated with the Wilno University, where he studied painting and sculpture. His parents were physicians. His father came from a secular family and his mother was the daughter of Rabbi Tuvia Lobitzki, the rabbi of Wołkowysk, Poland. His studies were interrupted by World War II.[3] Bogen joined the partisans and became a commander of the Jewish partisan unit in the Narocz Forests.[4] He buried many of the drawings he made at this time near Lake Narocz.[5][6] He returned to the ghetto in September 1943 and helped to facilitate the rescue of members of the United Partisan Organization (FPO), a Jewish underground movement active in the ghetto and led by poet Abba Kovner, Bogen's school friend.[7][8][9]
When the Vilna Ghetto was about to be destroyed, Bogen and his partisans tried to rescue some key people, one of whom was Abraham Sutzkever. With the help of the soviet partisans, they managed to finally smuggle him into Moscow along with some of Bogen's drawings, which were eventually exhibited in Moscow[10][11][12]
According to the Russian State Archive of Literature and Art (RGALI), he was head of the Department of Arts of the Lithuanian SSR from 5 September 1944 to February 1945.[13]
After the war Bogen returned to his studies, finished his academic degree and was mastered as an artist of monumental painting at the USB Academy of Art in Vilna. In 1947, he taught as a professor at The Academy of Fine Arts In Łódź and became a well-known artist, set designer and book illustrator.[14]
Alongside his recognition as a Polish Artist and war hero, receiving several accolades and awards as well as a large retrospective exhibition (Łódź State Museum, 1950) – Bogen was also very active in the resuscitation of the cultural life of the Jewish Community in post war Poland.[15][16]
During his time in Israel, Bogen continued his cultural and educational activities in the arts. In 1957 he initiated the art program in WIZO France – Ironi Yud-Dalet high school in Tel Aviv and lead it for 22 years. Bogen completed his academic studies of art at the Ecole des Beaux Arts in Paris and was an art lecturer in the Hebrew University in Jerusalem. Bogen continued painting, drawing and sculpting until his death at the age of 94 in Tel Aviv on 20 October 2010.
In July 2018, Mayor Ron Huldai, on behalf of the city of Tel Aviv, has inaugurated a Memorial plaque in Bogen's honor on the house where he lived and worked.[18]
Resistance through art
Bogen continued to draw during the war, documenting what he saw:[19][20][21]
We saw abandoned children. We saw people being led to the slaughter.
I did not lay down my pencil for a moment.
An artist condemned to death portraying people condemned to extermination...
I sketched the forest, my brothers-in-arms, the battle itself. There was no table. There were no paints. There was no paper.
I found packing paper. I made ink from blueberries, fixer out of pulverized milk and burnt dry branches for charcoal for my sketches.
I asked myself why I was drawing, when I was fighting day and night…
This was something similar to biological continuation. Every man, every people, is interested in continuing his people, his family,
in bringing children into the world for the future – in leaving this one thing.
Another motivation was to get information to the so-called free world,
but mostly Being creative during the Holocaust was also a show of protest -
people facing brutal danger, facing death, react in their own different way.
the artist's reaction is artistic. This is his weapon.
2002 Alexander Bogen – Drawings for Poems in Yiddish, Reuben and Edith Hecht Museum, University of Haifa
2003 Drawing and painting exhibition, Beit Shalom Aleichem, Tel Aviv
2005 Drawing and painting exhibition, Bar'Am Museum
2009 Whitebox Gallery, Munich
2010 Kreishaus, Ludwigsburg
2010 The Russian Institut, Tel Aviv
An exhibition of Bogen's work was held at the Hecht Museum in Haifa. His drawings, especially those that survived from his partisan days, offer a gallery of characters and document the history of a people fighting for its life during the Holocaust. Among the drawings on show were illustrations for poems by two Yiddish poets: Gebirtig and Abraham Sutzkever.[22][23]
Monuments and murals
“Revolt” – Partisan Museum, Tel Aviv
“Holocaust” – Partisan Museum, Tel Aviv
Vitrage, Jabotinsky Institute, Tel Aviv
Vitrage, 14th Vocational High School, Kiryal Hachinuch, Tel Aviv
Memorial Monument, Commemorating the Holocaust and the Revolt, Latroun Museum, Jerusalem
Awards
1951 State Prize, Polish Government Prize
1961 The Histadrut Prize, Israel
1962 The Israel Ministry of Education & Culture Prize
^Bogen, Alexander (1991). "The Onset of the Partisan Units in the Forest of Naroch". In Kalcheim, Moshe (ed.). With Proud Bearing, 1939–1945: Chapters in the History of Jewish Fighting in the Naroch Forests. Translated by Levitan, Eilat Gordin. Organization of Partisans, Underground Fighters, and Rebels in Israel.
^בוגן, אלכסנדר; Bogen, Alexander; ביבר, אברהם; בבר, אברהם; כלפנתזכי, כפל (2006). פרטיזנים מספרים (in Hebrew). משרד הבטחון, ההוצאה לאור. ISBN9789650513214.
