Airbus Helicopters H175

H175
AC352
Role Super-medium utility helicopter
National origin Multinational
Manufacturer Eurocopter
Airbus Helicopters
Aviation Industry Corporation of China
First flight H175: 17 December 2009
AC352: 20 December 2016
Introduction H175 : December 2014[1]
Status In service
Produced 2009-present

The Airbus Helicopters H175 (formerly Eurocopter EC175) is a 7-ton class super-medium utility helicopter produced by Airbus Helicopters. In China, the H175 is produced by the Aviation Industry Corporation of China (AVIC) as the Avicopter AC352. Originally launched as the Eurocopter EC175 and the Harbin Z-15, it has been referred to as being a 'super-medium' helicopter.

Formally launched at Heli-Expo in Houston on 24 February 2008, it was predicted by Airbus Helicopters that approximately 800 to 1,000 EC175s would be sold over an initial 20-year period.[2][3] It entered service in December 2014; in 2015, the EC175 was formally renamed to the H175, in line with Eurocopter's corporate rebranding as Airbus Helicopters.[4]

Development

In February 2005, Eurocopter president Fabrice Brégier revealed that in-depth discussions were being held between Eurocopter and China Aviation Industry Corporation II (AVIC II) on the topic of the co-development of a new medium-heavy twin-engine helicopter, tentatively designated as the EC175.[5] In October 2005, AgustaWestland acknowledged that it had also been approached by AVIC II, and that the firm was interested in participating if Eurocopter failed to secure the co-development contract.[6]

On 5 December 2005, the signing of a development contract for the EC175 was announced by Eurocopter and AVIC-II's subsidiary Harbin Aircraft Industry Group (HAIG).[7] Early development work on the project proceeded as per schedule: On 5 December 2006, the Preliminary Design Review (PDR) was completed; the Critical Design Review (CDR) was completed on 5 December 2007, at which point the design of the aircraft and all its sub-systems was frozen. In 2008, it was expected that development of the EC175 would cost €600 million.[2] The EC175 was developed through close cooperation with existing operators via a customer advisory team (CAT) approach.[8]

An EC175 prototype during a demonstration flight, 2011

During the EC175's formal unveiling at Heli-Expo 2008, Eurocopter booked a total of 111 purchase options from 13 customers, including launch customers Bristow Helicopters and the VIH Aviation Group.[9] During the Zhuhai Airshow in November 2008, a letter of intent for 5 Z-15s was signed between HAIG and Chinese domestic general-purpose aviation company Longken General Aviation Cooperation.[10] As defined in 2008, the commercial marketing of the EC175 as follows: HAIG is responsible for selling the type within China and neighboring nations, Airbus Helicopters is responsible for sales to the rest of the world.[2]

On 4 December 2009, the EC175 prototype made its unofficial first flight;[11] the official maiden flight of the prototype was on 17 December 2009 in Marignane, France.[12] A two-year delivery delay was encountered, partly due to certification issues with the rotorcraft's Helinix avionics suite.[13] The European Aviation Safety Agency (EASA) were originally expected to issue type certification for the EC175 sometime in 2013; this was formally received in January 2014.[14] In September 2015, Avicopter publicly revealed their first AC352 prototype.[15] In December 2015, flight tests of the Turbomeca Ardiden 3C/WZ16 powerplant were performed using an H175 prototype.[16]

An initial assembly line for the EC175 was established at Airbus Helicopters' Marignane facility; in 2008, it was reported that a second assembly line for the type was intended to follow within five years.[17] In April 2014, an agreement between Airbus Helicopters and Avicopter was made for the production of 1,000 EC175; lasting for 20 years, manufacturing is split half-and-half between separate assembly lines operated by the two firms.[18][19]

As of June 2014, the EC175 had the distinction of holding both the 3 km[20] and 6 km[21] time-to-climb records for its class, ratified by FAI, at about a minute per kilometre. In May 2015, a H175 was used as a demonstrator for Airbus Helicopter's low-noise helicopter instrument approach project, a world-first achieved via satellite-augmented navigation to optimize rotor-craft noise levels.[22]

By May 2015, the H175 had been certified for single-pilot operations under visual flight rules (VFR); Airbus Helicopters is studying single-pilot operations under instrument flight rules, but this is not considered to be a priority due to low demand for this functionality.[23]

Design

View of an in-flight H175, 2013

Airbus Helicopters is responsible for the H175's main gearbox, tail rotor, avionics, autopilot, hydraulic and electrical systems, doors and transparencies. Airbus Helicopters is also the technical lead and system integrator, and built two of the three prototypes (the first and third). HAIG is responsible for the airframe, tail and intermediate gearboxes, main rotor, fuel system, flight controls and landing gear.[24] Each firm separately handles marketing, customer support, and certification efforts for the type.[25] Both the design and production of the rotorcraft made extensive use of computer-aided design/computer-aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM). CAD allowed Airbus Helicopters and HAIG to create a virtual mock-up, simplifying coordination between partners based 10,000 km apart.[26]

Airbus Helicopters-built H175s are powered by two 1,325 kW (1,775 shp) class, Full Authority Digital Engine Control (FADEC)-equipped Pratt & Whitney Canada PT6C-67E turboshaft engines, which provide for a 5,000-hour time between overhaul (TBO) and on-condition maintenance.[27] Chinese-produced AC352s are equipped with two modular 1,800 shp class, dual-FADEC Turbomeca Ardiden 3C/WZ16 turboshaft engines, which were specifically developed by a joint partnership between Turbomeca and AVIC Engine for the rotorcraft.[25][28] The engines drive the rotorcraft's five-blade Spheriflex main rotor and a three-blade tail rotor. The EC175's main gearbox will incorporate two accessory gearboxes and will be de-clutchable, avoiding the cost and weight of an auxiliary power unit (APU).[29] The gears and the casing of the H175's main gearbox were developed using CATIA V5, a first for Airbus Helicopters.[2]

The H175 was designed to exceed EASA CS-29 crashworthiness requirements.[30][31] It is capable of performing full Category A dual-pilot operation; additionally, it possesses Sea State 6 capability, and can be equipped with two oversized 18-passenger life rafts and an emergency flotation system.[31] Airbus Helicopters states that the H175's noise signature is "way below" International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) requirements.[29][32]

H175 on static display, 2009

The H175 is built for civilian and parapublic applications, its primary markets being support of the oil and gas industry and search and rescue missions. Other applicable roles include parapublic operations, homeland security, air medical services, utility missions and corporate transportation.[31] The EC175 is offered with multiple interior seating configurations, housing up to 18 passengers in an oil and gas transport configuration, 9-12 passengers in an executive layout, and 6-8 in a VIP configuration It is fitted with wide sliding doors for ease of access and oversized jettisonable windows for emergency egress. The H175 has a flat floor without any partition between the cockpit and the cabin area, which enables various flexible layouts to be adopted.[31] Either auxiliary fuel tanks or a storage area can be installed beneath the cabin floor, which can be accessed internally; a large luggage compartment externally accessible from either side is present in some configurations.[29][31]

The Helionix avionics suite is used on the H175; much of the state-of-the-art avionics are derived from those developed for the Eurocopter EC225; one such system is the Automatic Flight Control System (AFCS), a 4-axis dual-duplex autopilot which is linked to the rotorcraft's Flight Management System.[24][29][31] The cockpit features a total of four 6X8-inch multi-function LCD displays, plus an optional central mission display. The H175's cockpit is night vision goggles-compatible.[31] A sensor operator's console can be installed in the main cabin area, and a chin-mounted electrical-optical sensor can be equipped.[31]

Operational history

In December 2014, the first production H175s, of the oil and gas industry model, entered service with Belgian operator Noordzee Helikopters Vlaanderen (NHV) for operations over the North Sea; by August 2015, the first two examples had accumulated 1,000 flight hours over 750 flights, carrying a total of 11,000 passengers, while achieving a dispatch rate in excess of 90%.[23] NHV has ordered a total of 16 H175s.[33]

It has been alleged that the People's Liberation Army intends to order a large quantity of AC352s in the next decade to replace a significant portion of their existing rotorcraft fleet, such as older Mil Mi-8s, Sikorsky S-70s, Harbin Z-8s and Harbin Z-9s.[34]

In March 2015, Bristow Group became the then-largest customer for the type, ordering a total of 17 H175s for offshore oil and gas missions.[35] A further 5 units were added to the order in 2017. By January 6, 2020, the order for 22 units was canceled as part of Bristow's emergence from Chapter 11 bankruptcy. In June 2015, leasing firm Milestone Aviation Group expanded the number of H175s that it had on order to 28 rotorcraft.[36] In June 2015, Russian operator UTair, who had ordered a total of 15 H175s from Eurocopter Vostok in March 2011,[37] announced that the remainder of its order had been placed on hold, this move was linked with a decline in oil prices and international sanctions placed upon Russia.[38][39]

In September 2015, it was announced that the Hong Kong Government Flying Service would become the launch customer for the Search and Rescue (SAR) variant of the H175.[40]

Operators

H175 of Noordzee Helikopters Vlaanderen at Aberdeen Airport in 2017.
External videos
video icon Summary of winter certification
video icon Documentary on H175 VIP variant
video icon An inflight H175 performing a public demonstration
 Belgium
 Hong Kong
 Ireland
 Malaysia
 Mexico
  • Transportes Aereos Pegaso (9 on order)[44]
 Netherlands
 Russia
 Thailand
 United Kingdom
 Uzbekistan

Variants

EC175
Original Eurocopter designation before it became Airbus Helicopters.
H175
Re-designation of the EC175. Pratt & Whitney Canada PT6 powered variant produced with different role fits including search and rescue, oil and gas industry, and VIP roles.[40]
H175M
Military variant. Offered to the Royal Air Force (UK) for its New Medium Helicopter (NMH) programme.[49][50][51]
Z-15
Original Chinese designation.
AC352
Chinese-produced aircraft with WZ-16 engines.[15]

Specifications (EC175)

Rearview of a H175, 2013

Data from EASA Type certificate[14] and Airbus Helicopters website[52]

General characteristics

  • Crew: 2
  • Capacity: 12-18 pax
  • Length: 18.06 m (59 ft 3 in) rotors running
15.68 m (51 ft) nose to tail rotor disc
  • Height: 5.34 m (17 ft 6 in) to tail rotor tip
  • Empty weight: 4,603 kg (10,148 lb)
  • Gross weight: 7,500 kg (16,535 lb)
  • Max takeoff weight: 7,800 kg (17,196 lb) [53]
  • Fuel capacity: 2,710 L (720 US gal; 600 imp gal) / 2,136 kg (4,709 lb)
  • Powerplant: 2 × Pratt & Whitney Canada PT6C-67E turboshaft engines with dual channel FADEC, 1,324 kW (1,776 hp) each for take-off
1,227 kW (1,645 hp) maximum continuous power
  • Main rotor diameter: 14.8 m (48 ft 7 in)
  • Main rotor area: 172 m2 (1,850 sq ft)

Performance

  • Maximum speed: 315 km/h (196 mph, 170 kn)
  • Cruise speed: 300 km/h (190 mph, 160 kn)
  • Range: 1,259 km (782 mi, 680 nmi)
  • Service ceiling: 6,000 m (20,000 ft)
  • Rate of climb: 18.288 m/s (3,600.0 ft/min)

See also

Aircraft of comparable role, configuration, and era

References

  1. ^ a b "Heli Expo 2015 Preview", page 114. Helicopter International, Volume 38 Number 4 January – February 2015. ISSN 0143-1005. Archive
  2. ^ a b c d Airbus Helicopters Rotor News 75. "EC175, a star is born" Archived 26 April 2017 at the Wayback Machine
  3. ^ Warwick, Graham. "Heli-Expo 2008: Eurocopter unveils EC175, names launch customers." Flight Global. Flightglobal.com. Accessed 28 February 2008.
  4. ^ "VIDEO: Meet the H Generation." Airbus Helicopters, 3 March 2015.
  5. ^ "Heli-Expo - Eurocopter talks to China on development of heavy twin." Flight International, 15 February 2005.
  6. ^ Sobie, Brendan. "AgustaWestland steps up Chinese campaign." Flight International, 4 October 2005.
  7. ^ Massy-Beresford, Helen. and Murdo Morrison. "EADS aims to crack China." Flight International, 13 December 2005.
  8. ^ Eurocopter Rotor News 76. "The EC175 arrives on the scene" Archived 9 December 2009 at the Wayback Machine
  9. ^ Airbus Helicopters Press Release. "Major success for Eurocopter at Heli-Expo 2008: 111 signatures for its brand new EC175, 120 orders for its current range"[permanent dead link‍]
  10. ^ Rotorhub. "First EC175 airframe delivered to Eurocopter in China"
  11. ^ Scramble (368). Dutch Aviation Society. January 2010. ISSN 0927-3417.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: untitled periodical (link)
  12. ^ "Avicopter ponders alternative engine following EC175 first flight." Flight International, 17 December 2009.
  13. ^ Lert, Frederic. "Airbus Helicopters Delivers First Two EC175s to NHV." AIN Online, 12 December 2014.
  14. ^ a b "EASA Type-certificate data sheet No. EASA.R.150 for EC175 Archived 2 April 2015 at the Wayback Machine" European Aviation Safety Agency, 5 February 2014. Retrieved: 12 March 2015.
  15. ^ a b Thierry, Dubois. "Avicopter Unveils AC352 Prototype at China Helo Expo." AIN Online, 14 September 2015.
  16. ^ Osborne, Tony. "Airbus Testing Ardiden Engine On Chinese AC352." Aviation Week, 10 December 2015.
  17. ^ Thomson Financial News. "Eurocopter CEO defends buy of German company, Romania outsourcing" Forbes 30 June 2008.
  18. ^ Padfield, R. Randall. "Avicopter and Airbus Launch Joint Helicopter Production." AIN Online, 10 April 2014.
  19. ^ Spruce, Terry. "Airbus Helicopters and Avicopter sign 20 year production agreement." Corporate Jet Investor, 27 March 2014.
  20. ^ "E-1g (Helicopters: take off weight 6000 to 10000 kg) – Time to climb to a height of 3 000 m Archived 24 September 2015 at the Wayback Machine". Fédération Aéronautique Internationale (FAI). Retrieved: 17 June 2014.
  21. ^ "E-1g (Helicopters: take off weight 6000 to 10000 kg) – Time to climb to a height of 6 000 m Archived 2 April 2015 at the Wayback Machine". Fédération Aéronautique Internationale (FAI). Retrieved: 17 June 2014.
  22. ^ Turner, Aimee. "Airbus launches world-first green IFR procedures for helicopters." Air Traffic Management.net, 12 MAy 2015.
  23. ^ a b Huber, Mark. "Soft Launch for Airbus H175 ." AIN Online, 25 May 2015.
  24. ^ a b Aviation Week & Space Technology, 7 April 2008.
  25. ^ a b Dubois, Thierry. "Chinese Civil Helo’s Turboshaft Engine Makes First Run." AIN Online, 5 December 2013.
  26. ^ Airbus Helicopters Rotor News 66. "Immediate Results."
  27. ^ Aviation International News. "New Rotorcraft"
  28. ^ "Safran’s Close Ties With China." Aviation Week, 11 November 2014.
  29. ^ a b c d Airbus Helicopters EC175 trifold brochure, March 2008.
  30. ^ CS-29 (Large Rotorcraft). EASA, 17 November 2008.
  31. ^ a b c d e f g h "The H175: Airbus Helicopters’ New Medium-Sized Twin-Engine Helicopter for demanding missions and Costeffective Operations." Archived 11 September 2015 at the Wayback Machine Airbus Helicopters, 2015.
  32. ^ "EASA Type-certificate data sheet No. EASA.R.150 for EC175, noise Archived 3 April 2015 at the Wayback Machine" European Aviation Safety Agency, 5 February 2014. Retrieved: 12 March 2015.
  33. ^ Dubois, Thierry. "NHV Logs First 1,000 Hours with Airbus Helicopters H175." AIN Onlines, 27 August 2015.
  34. ^ "Z-15 Chinese Medium Helicopter (CMH)". AirForceWorld.com. Archived from the original on 17 April 2011. Retrieved 29 August 2011.
  35. ^ Parsons, Dan. "Service agreement key to Bristow's increased H175 order." Flight International, 5 March 2015.
  36. ^ Sprice, Terry. "Milestone signs for 28 H175 helicopters." helicopterinvestor.com, 15 June 2015.
  37. ^ "UTair signed for 15 EC175." Archived 3 October 2015 at the Wayback Machine Rotor, April 2011.
  38. ^ "UTair rinvia la consegna degli elicotteri H175 e Mi-171." HeliPress, 4 June 2015.
  39. ^ Gerden, Eugene. "UTair Aviation postpones deliveries of H175s and Mi-171s." Vertical, 3 June 2015.
  40. ^ a b Perry, Dominic. "Hong Kong's GFS places first order for H175 SAR variant." Flight International
  41. ^ "Noordzee Helikopters Vlaanderen". nhv.be. Retrieved 7 September 2018.
  42. ^ "Helicopter Contract Award" (PDF). Hong Kong Government.
  43. ^ "Milestone Aviation Group to Acquire 28 H175 Airbus Helicopters". Airbus S.A.S. 15 June 2015. Archived from the original (Press release) on 18 October 2017. Retrieved 15 June 2015.
  44. ^ a b "Airbus Helicopters delivers the first H175 to be operated in the Americas" (Press release). Airbus S.A.S. Mexico City. 17 October 2017.
  45. ^ "Heli Holland expand offshore fleet with two H155s and an H175". helihub.com. 16 August 2017.
  46. ^ "Royal Thai Police becomes first H175 operator in Asia Pacific" (Press release). Airbus S.A.S. London. 17 October 2017. Retrieved 17 October 2017.
  47. ^ "CHC launches new helicopter programme" (Press release). Shephard Media. Aberdeen, Scotland. 4 August 2017.
  48. ^ vesti.uz "НА КАКОМ ВЕРТОЛЕТЕ ЛЕТАЕТ МИРЗИЕЕВ". 30 August 2018. Retrieved 18 April 2022.
  49. ^ "The new Airbus military helicopter that could bring hundreds of jobs to Flintshire". Deeside.com.
  50. ^ "Airbus touts H175M for possible RAF Puma replacement contest".
  51. ^ "DSEI 2021: Airbus pitches H175M UK production for RAF's New Medium Helicopter acquisition | Shephard". www.shephardmedia.com.
  52. ^ "EC175 Characteristics". airbushelicopters.com. Archived from the original on 1 February 2014. Retrieved 29 December 2019.
  53. ^ "300 kg increase". Archived from the original on 13 March 2016. Retrieved 20 May 2014.
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Burmese politician and rebel (died 1390) Lauk Sheinလောက်ရှိန်Governor of BasseinReignby 1380s – 1390Predecessor?SuccessorThilawaMonarchBinnya U (until 1384)Laukpya (1384–1390)Died1390Bassein (Pathein)FatherLaukpya This article contains Burmese script. Without proper rendering support, you may see question marks, boxes, or other symbols instead of Burmese script. Lauk Shein (Burmese: လောက်ရှိန်, pronounced [laʊ̯ʔ ʃèɪɰ̃]; also Lauk...

 

 

Duarte Pacheco Pereira

Portuguese explorer (c. 1460 – 1533) This article has multiple issues. Please help improve it or discuss these issues on the talk page. (Learn how and when to remove these template messages) This article may need to be rewritten to comply with Wikipedia's quality standards. You can help. The talk page may contain suggestions. (February 2022) This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material ...

 

 

Strategi Solo vs Squad di Free Fire: Cara Menang Mudah!