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Aeroservicios Ecuatorianos Flight 767-103
	The aircraft involved in the accident in 1979, while still in operation with Union de Transports Aériens
Accident
Date	18 September 1984
Summary	Failed take-off followed by runway excursion and crash due to pilot error
Site	Mariscal Sucre International Airport, Quito, Ecuador
Total fatalities	53 (including 49 on the ground)
Aircraft
Aircraft type	Douglas DC-8-55F
Operator	Aeroservicios Ecuatorianos (AECA)
Registration	HC-BKN
Flight origin	Miami International Airport, Florida, United States
Stopover	Quito Airport, Quito, Ecuador
Destination	Simón Bolívar International Airport, Guayaquil, Ecuador
Occupants	4
Passengers	0
Crew	4
Fatalities	4
Survivors	0
Ground casualties
Ground fatalities	49

Aeroservicios Ecuatorianos Flight 767-103 was a scheduled freight flight from Miami in the United States to Guayaquil, Ecuador with an intermediate stop in the Ecuadorian capital Quito. On 18 September 1984 the flight was being operated by a Douglas DC-8-55F jet (registered in Ecuador as HC-BKN).^[1]^[2]^[3] It failed to get airborne during the takeoff run at Quito Airport, hit an Instrument Landing System (ILS) antenna at the end of the runway and then struck several houses.^[2] All four crew and 49 people on the ground were killed.^[2]

Aircraft

The aircraft was a Douglas DC-8-55F four-engined jet cargo transport that had been built in United States in 1965.^[1] First delivered to Trans International Airlines on 18 May 1965 it was bought by Aeroservicios Ecuatorianos in August 1983.^[1]

Investigation

An investigation concluded that the crew failed to notice that the horizontal stabiliser was set at 0.5 degrees nose up when it should have been 8 degrees nose up, this increased the time and distance needed by the aircraft to rotate and the conclusion was the aircraft did not have enough runway length to get airborne.^[2] A number of contributory factors were also involved:

The crew were involved in a labor dispute which caused them to leave in haste; the crew's state of mind may have been a contributing factor and it is assumed that they did not concentrate on all aspects of the aircraft's operation.^[2]
Issues with the departure clearance were also a factor; it was done incorrectly in that the maximum take-off weight for the runway and prevailing conditions, the distribution of the load and centre of gravity were not determined.^[2]

The investigation made eight safety recommendations.^[2]

Aftermath

Newly-inaugurated President of Ecuador, León Febres Cordero, declared three days of national mourning.^[3]

A contributing factor to the accident was the airport's location in the middle of a densely populated area, with public concerns over its risks becoming acute after the AECA tragedy. A near-miss incident, which served as a premonition of another tragedy, came twelve years later on 1 May 1996, when an overloaded Fly Linhas Aéreas Boeing 727, which carried the Corinthians football team, overran runway 35 (start of runway 17) after a failed take-off in rainy conditions, hitting the ILS installation, going down a slope or embankment, hitting the perimeter wall and coming to rest in the Tufiño avenue. There were no casualties among the 79 passengers and 11 crew, but the plane was written off. ^[4]^[5]

However, renewed criticism and concerns over the Mariscal Sucre Airport's location would reemerge two years later after the crash of Cubana de Aviación Flight 389, on 29 August 1998, which also occurred after a failed take-off, killing 91 people.^[6] The crash, which was an almost identical occurrence to that of AECA's, occurred at the end of the same runway from where the AECA DC-8 crashed 14 years earlier, killing up to ten people in the ground and destroying public and private property.

The CU389 tragedy led to a runway safety area being built at the airport in 1999-2000, which increased the runway excursion space for planes to stop in case of a rejected takeoff or a botched landing.^[7]^[8]^[9] However, a similar safety structure was not built in the opposite end of the runway. In the end, a new airport was finally opened in 2013, about 18 kilometres (11 mi; 9.7 nmi) east of Quito, outside its urban area.

References

Citations

^ ^a ^b ^c Roach/Eastwood 1992, p. 348
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g Civil Aviation Authority 1974, p. 20/82
^ ^a ^b "Quito plane crash kills 50." Times [London, England] 20 Sept. 1984: 5. The Times Digital Archive. Web. 19 Dec. 2013.
^ "Fly Linhas Aéreas | Bureau of Aircraft Accidents Archives".
^ "Accident Boeing 727-2B6 PP-LBY, Wednesday 1 May 1996".
^ "Cuban airliner crashes in Ecuador". San Francisco Chronicle. SFGate. Examiner News Services. 30 August 1998.
^ "Para evitar salidas de la pista" [To avoid runway excursions]. La hora (in Spanish). 2000-06-11. Retrieved 2023-05-26.
^ "Aeropuerto Zona de seguridad estará lista este mes" [Airport Security zone will be ready this month]. La Hora (in Spanish). 2000-03-01. Retrieved 2023-05-26.
^ "En zona de seguridad del aeropuerto" [In the airport security zone]. La Hora (in Spanish). 2000-01-14. Retrieved 2023-05-26.

Bibliography

World Accident Summary. Civil Aviation Authority (United Kingdom). 1974. ISBN 0-903083-44-2.
Roach, John; Eastwood, Tony (1992). Jet Airliner Production List. West Drayton, England: The Aviation Hobby Shop. ISBN 0-907178-43-X.