Acremonium

Not to be confused with Acremoniella.

Acremonium
Plate culture of Acremonium falciforme
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Fungi
Division: Ascomycota
Class: Sordariomycetes
Order: Hypocreales
Family: Hypocreaceae
Genus: Acremonium
Link (1809)
Type species
Acremonium alternatum
Link (1809)
Synonyms

Cephalosporium

Acremonium is a genus of fungi in the family Hypocreaceae. It used to be known as Cephalosporium.

Description

Acremonium species are usually slow-growing and are initially compact and moist. Their hyphae are fine and hyaline, and produce mostly simple phialides. Their conidia are usually one-celled (i.e. ameroconidia), hyaline or pigmented, globose to cylindrical, and mostly aggregated in slimy heads at the apex of each phialide.

Epichloë species are closely related and were once included in Acremonium,[1] but were later split off into a new genus Neotyphodium,[2] which has now been restructured within the genus Epichloë.[3]

Clinical significance

The genus Acremonium contains about 100 species, of which most are saprophytic, being isolated from dead plant material and soil. Many species are recognized as opportunistic pathogens of human and animals, causing eumycetoma, onychomycosis, and hyalohyphomycosis. Infections of humans by fungi of this genus are rare,[4] but clinical manifestations of hyalohyphomycosis caused by Acremonium may include arthritis, osteomyelitis, peritonitis, endocarditis, pneumonia, cerebritis, and subcutaneous infection.[5]

The cephalosporins, a class of β-lactam antibiotics, were derived from Acremonium. It was first isolated as an antibiotic by the Italian pharmacologist Giuseppe Brotzu in 1948.

Species

See also

References

  1. ^ Morgan-Jones, G.; Gams, W. (1982). "Notes on hyphomycetes. XLI. An endophyte of Festuca arundinacea and the anamorph of Epichloe typhina, new taxa in one of two new sections of Acremonium". Mycotaxon. 15: 311–318. ISSN 0093-4666.
  2. ^ Glenn AE, Bacon CW, Price R, Hanlin RT (1996). "Molecular phylogeny of Acremonium and its taxonomic implications". Mycologia. 88 (3): 369–383. doi:10.2307/3760878. JSTOR 3760878.
  3. ^ Leuchtmann, A.; Bacon, C. W.; Schardl, C. L.; White, J. F.; Tadych, M. (2014). "Nomenclatural realignment of Neotyphodium species with genus Epichloë" (PDF). Mycologia. 106 (2): 202–215. doi:10.3852/13-251. ISSN 0027-5514. PMID 24459125. S2CID 25222557. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2016-03-07. Retrieved 2016-02-28.
  4. ^ Fincher, RM; Fisher, JF; Lovell, RD; Newman, CL; Espinel-Ingroff, A; Shadomy, HJ (November 1991). "Infection due to the fungus Acremonium (cephalosporium)". Medicine. 70 (6): 398–409. doi:10.1097/00005792-199111000-00005. PMID 1956281. S2CID 20440856.
  5. ^ Kiwan, Elias N.; Anaissie, Elias J. "Hyalohyphomycosis (Acremonium, Fusarium, Paecilomyces, Scedosporium and Others)". Retrieved 2019-08-30.
  6. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak al am an ao ap aq ar as at au av aw ax ay az ba bb bc bd be bf bg bh bi bj bk bl bm bn bo bp bq br bs bt bu bv bw bx by bz ca cb cc cd ce cf cg ch ci cj ck cl "Acremonium". Encyclopedia of Life.
  7. ^ Tan, Y.P.; Shivas, R.G. (11 September 2023). Index of Australian Fungi no. 15. p. 5. doi:10.5281/zenodo.8327643. ISBN 978-0-6458841-4-2.

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