Genus of flowering plants
Achillea [ 4] genus of flowering plants in the family Asteraceae . The plants typically have frilly leaves and are known colloquially as yarrows , although this common name usually refers to A. millefolium Greek mythological character Achilles , whose soldiers were said to have used yarrow to treat their wounds;[ 5] allheal and bloodwort . The genus is native primarily to Eurasia and North America.
Description
These plants typically have frilly, hairy, aromatic leaves . The plants show large, flat clusters of small flowers at the top of the stem. The flowers can be white, yellow, orange, pink or red and are generally visited by many insects, and are thus characterised by a generalised pollination system.[ 6]
Taxonomy
Carl Linnaeus described the genus in 1753.[ 7] [ 8] common name "yarrow" is usually applied to Achillea millefolium [ 9]
Selected species
Nearly 1,000 names have been published within the genus Achillea , at or below the level of species . Sources differ widely as to which should be recognized as species, which merit subspecies or variety status, and which ones are merely synonyms of better-established names. For convenience, the Plant List maintained by the Kew Botanic Gardens is followed.[ 10]
Achillea abrotanoides Achillea absinthoides Achillea acuminata Achillea aegyptiaca Achillea ageratifolia Achillea ageratum Achillea × albinea Achillea aleppica Achillea alexandri-regis Achillea alpina Achillea ambrosiaca Achillea apiculata Achillea arabica Achillea armenorum Achillea asiatica Achillea asplenifolia Achillea atrata Achillea aucheri Achillea auriculata Achillea baikalensis Achillea barbeyana Achillea barrelieri Achillea biserrata Achillea boissieri Achillea brachyphylla Achillea bucharica Achillea callichroa Achillea cappadocica Achillea carpatica Achillea chamaecyparissus Achillea chamaemelifolia Achillea cheilanthifolia Achillea chrysocoma Achillea clavennae Achillea clusiana Achillea clypeolata Achillea coarctata Achillea collina Achillea condensata Achillea conferta Achillea cretica Achillea crithmifolia Achillea cucullata Achillea cuneatiloba Achillea decolorans Achillea decumbens Achillea distans Achillea erba-rotta Achillea eriophora Achillea euxina Achillea falcata Achillea filipendulina Achillea formosa Achillea fraasii Achillea fragantissima Achillea glaberrima Achillea goniocephala Achillea × graja Achillea grandifolia Achillea gypsicola Achillea haussknechtii Achillea heterophylla Achillea holosericea Achillea horanszkyi Achillea huber-morathii Achillea × illiczevski Achillea impatiens Achillea incognita Achillea inundata Achillea japonica Achillea karatavica Achillea kellalensis Achillea ketenoglui Achillea kotschyi Achillea laggeri Achillea latiloba Achillea ledebourii Achillea leptophylla Achillea leptophylloides Achillea lereschei Achillea ligustica Achillea lingulata Achillea lycaonica Achillea macrocephala Achillea macrophylla Achillea magna Achillea magnifica Achillea maritima Achillea maura Achillea membranacea Achillea micrantha Achillea micranthoides Achillea millefolium Achillea milliana Achillea mollis Achillea monocephala Achillea multifida Achillea nana Achillea nigrescens Achillea nobilis Achillea obscura Achillea occulta Achillea ochroleuca Achillea odorata Achillea oligocephala Achillea oxyloba Achillea oxyodonta Achillea pachycephala Achillea phrygia Achillea pindicola Achillea pratensis Achillea pseudoaleppica Achillea pseudopectinata Achillea ptarmica Achillea ptarmicifolia Achillea ptarmicoides Achillea pyrenaica Achillea rhodoptarmica Achillea roseo-alba Achillea rupestris Achillea salicifolia Achillea santolinoides Achillea schischkinii Achillea schmakovii Achillea schneideri Achillea schugnanica Achillea sedelmeyeriana Achillea seidlii Achillea sergievskiana Achillea setacea Achillea sieheana Achillea sinensis Achillea sintenisii Achillea sipikorensis Achillea spinulifolia Achillea squarrosa Achillea stepposa Achillea styriaca Achillea × submicrantha Achillea × subtaurica Achillea talagonica Achillea taygetea Achillea tenuifolia Achillea teretifolia Achillea thracica Achillea tomentosa Achillea tuzsonii Achillea umbellata Achillea valesiaca Achillea vermicularis Achillea virescens Achillea wilsoniana
Cultivars
The following cultivars are recipients of the Royal Horticultural Society 's Award of Garden Merit :
Achillea ageratifolia [ 11] Achillea 'Coronation Gold'[ 12] Achillea 'Credo' [ 13] Achillea filipendulina 'Cloth of Gold' [ 14] Achillea filipendulina 'Gold Plate' [ 15] Achillea 'Heidi' [ 16] Achillea 'Hella Glashoff' [ 17] Achillea 'Lachsschönheit' (Galaxy Series) [ 18] Achillea × lewisii 'King Edward'[ 19] Achillea 'Lucky Break' [ 20] Achillea 'Martina'[ 21] Achillea millefolium 'Lansdorferglut' [ 22] Achillea 'Mondpagode'[ 23] Achillea 'Moonshine' [ 24] Achillea 'Summerwine'[ 25]
Etymology
The genus was named after the Greek mythological character Achilles . According to legend, Achilles' soldiers used yarrow to treat their wounds,[ 26]
Distribution and habitat
The genus is primarily native to Europe, temperate areas of Asia, and North America.[ 27] [ 28]
Ecology
Achillea species are used as food plants by the larvae of some Lepidoptera species.
Uses
Achillea species and cultivars are popular garden plants.
Gallery
Silvery Yarrow (
Achillea clavenae )
Macro image of Yarrow in Sweden
Yarrow inflorescence at seed maturity
Yarrow inflorescence at seed maturity
Yarrow inflorescence after seed fall
Natural growing of Achilleas
References
^ lectotype designated by Green, Prop. Brit. Bot. 182 (1929)
^ "Achillea " . Index Nominum Genericorum . International Association for Plant Taxonomy . 2006-02-20. Retrieved 2008-05-21 .^ "Ptarmica Mill. | Plants of the World Online | Kew Science" . Plants of the World Online . Retrieved 1 March 2021 .^ Sunset Western Garden Book, 1995:606–607^ Coombes, Allen J. (2012). The A to Z of plant names : a quick reference guide to 4000 garden plants ISBN 978-1-60469-196-2 OCLC 741564356 . ^ Van Der Kooi, C. J.; Pen, I.; Staal, M.; Stavenga, D. G.; Elzenga, J. T. M. (2015). "Competition for pollinators and intra-communal spectral dissimilarity of flowers" . Plant Biology . 18 (1): 56– 62. doi :10.1111/plb.12328 . PMID 25754608 . ^ Linnaeus, Carl von. 1753. Species Plantarum 2: 896–897. in Latin^ Tropicos, Achillea L. ^ RHS A-Z encyclopedia of garden plants . United Kingdom: Dorling Kindersley. 2008. p. 1136. ISBN 978-1405332965 ^ The Plant List search for Achillea ^ "Achillea ageratifolia " . RHS. Retrieved 27 February 2020 .^ "Achillea 'Coronation Gold' . RHS. Retrieved 27 February 2020 .^ "Achillea 'Credo' . RHS. Retrieved 27 February 2020 .^ "Achillea filipendulina 'Cloth of Gold' . RHS. Retrieved 27 February 2020 .^ "Achillea filipendula 'Gold Plate' . RHS. Retrieved 27 February 2020 .^ "Achillea 'Heidi' . RHS. Retrieved 27 February 2020 .^ "Achillea 'Hella Glashoff' . RHS. Retrieved 27 February 2020 .^ "Achillea 'Lachsschönheit' (Galaxy Series)" . RHS. Retrieved 27 February 2020 .^ "Achillea × lewisii 'King Edward' . RHS. Retrieved 27 February 2020 .^ "Achillea 'Lucky Break' . RHS. Retrieved 27 February 2020 .^ "Achillea 'Martina' . RHS. Retrieved 27 February 2020 .^ "Achillea millefolium 'Lansdorferglut' . RHS. Retrieved 27 February 2020 .^ "Achillea 'Mondpagode' . RHS. Retrieved 27 February 2020 .^ "Achillea 'Moonshine' . RHS. Retrieved 27 February 2020 .^ "Achillea 'Summerwine' . RHS. Retrieved 27 February 2020 .^ Jalali, Farnood Shokouhi Sabet; Tajik, Hossein; Hadian, Mojtaba (2010). "Efficacy of topical application of alcoholic extract of yarrow in the healing process of experimental burn wounds in rabbit". Comparative Clinical Pathology . 21 (2): 177– 181. doi :10.1007/s00580-010-1081-7 . S2CID 24486255 . ^ Flora of North America Achillea Linnaeus ^ Flora of China Vol. 20-21 Page 759 蓍属 shi shu Achillea Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 2: 896. 1753.
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