Abraham Mapu

Abraham Mapu

Abraham Mapu (Lithuanian: Abraomas Mapu; 1808 in Vilijampolė, Kaunas – 1867 in Königsberg, Prussia) was a Lithuanian novelist. He wrote in Hebrew as part of the Haskalah (enlightenment) movement. His novels, with their lively plots encompassing heroism, adventure and romantic love in Biblical settings, contributed to the rise of the Zionist movement.^[1]

Biography

Born into a Jewish family, as a child Mapu studied in a cheder where his father served as a teacher. He married in 1825.

For many years he was an impoverished, itinerant schoolmaster. Mapu gained financial security when he was appointed teacher in a government school for Jewish children. He worked as a teacher in various towns and cities, joined the Haskalah movement, and studied German, French and Russian. He also studied Latin from a translation of the Bible to that language, given to him by his local rabbi.

Statue of Abraham Mapu in Kaunas

He returned in 1848 to Kaunas and self-published his first historical novel, Ahavat Zion. This is considered one of the first Hebrew novels. He began work on it in 1830 but completed it only in 1853. Unable to fully subsist on his book sales, he relied on the support of his brother, Matisyahu. In 1867 he moved to Königsberg due to illness, published his last book, Amon Pedagogue (Amon means something like Mentor), and died there.

Evaluation

Mapu is considered to be the first Hebrew novelist.^{[citation needed]} Influenced by French Romanticism, he wrote intricately plotted stories about life in ancient Israel, which he contrasted favourably with 19th-century Jewish life. His style is fresh and poetic, almost Biblical in its simple grandeur.^{[editorializing]}

Legacy

The romantic-nationalistic ideas in his novels later inspired David Ben-Gurion^{[citation needed]} and others active in the leadership of the modern Zionist movement that led to the establishment of the state of Israel. The American Hebrew poet, Gabriel Preil, references Mapu in one of his works and focuses on the two writers' native Lithuania.

Israeli postal stamp, 1968

Novels

• Ahavat Zion (1853) (Amnon, Prince and Peasant, translated by F. Jaffe, 1887); (In the Days of Isaiah, translated by B.A.M. Schapiro, 1902 and republished in 1922 and 1930 as The Shepherd Prince); (The Sorrows of Noma, translated by J. Marymont, 1919)
• Ayit Tzavua (1858) (Hypocrite Eagle)
• Ashmat Shomron (1865) (Guilt of Samaria)

Commemorations

Streets bearing his name are found in the Kaunas Old Town and in the Israeli cities of Jerusalem, Tel Aviv, and Kiriat Ata. A well-known Israeli novel called "The Children from Mapu Street" ("הילדים מרחוב מאפו") also celebrates his name. In Kaunas A. Mapu Street a joyful statue of A. Mapu with a book in his hand was established by the sculptor Martynas Gaubas in 2019.

References

1. Patterson, David (2007), "Mapu, Abraham", Encyclopaedia Judaica, 13 (2nd ed.): 505–507, here p. 506, retrieved 2013-08-15, By fostering pride in the national past and focusing attention on the land of Israel, Mapu provided an emotional stimulus for generations of young readers. Indeed, the contribution of his novels to the rise of the Jewish national movement from which Zionism later emerged must be regarded as an important factor in modern Jewish history.

External links

• Mapu's works (Hebrew) at Project Ben-Yehuda
• Abraham Mapu (English) at the Institute for the Translation of Hebrew Literature
• Works by or about Abraham Mapu at the Internet Archive
• Works by Abraham Mapu at LibriVox (public domain audiobooks)