It was the first Congress of Yugoslav communists held after World War II, takeover of power in the country and establishment of the SFR Yugoslavia, but also the first major gathering of Yugoslav communists held since the 5th Territorial Conference, held in October 1940. Although 20 years had passed since the previous meeting, and 8 years have passed since the 5th Territorial Conference, the main reason for conveying the Congress was the "Resolution of the Informbiro", adopted by Soviet–dominated Cominform on 28 June 1948 in Bucharest, Romania.
The Congress gave political support to the Central Committee in "defending the independence" of Yugoslavia. The decision was made unanimously, and the party's unity was "confirmed". The Congress also adopted the "Resolution on the position of the Communist Party of Yugoslavia towards Cominform", which concluded that the decisions of Cominform were inaccurate and unjust. Still, it was emphasized that the Central Committee should do everything to overcome the conflict.