449th Fighter-Interceptor Squadron

449th Fighter Interceptor Squadron
449th Fighter Interceptor Squadron Northrop F-89J Scorpions
Active	1943–1945; 1947–1960
Country	United States
Branch	United States Air Force
Type	Fighter interceptor
Engagements	World War II Asia-Pacific Theater
Insignia
449th Fighter-Interceptor Squadron emblem (Approved 4 December 1951)[1]
449th Fighter Squadron emblem (World War II)

The 449th Fighter Interceptor Squadron is an inactive United States Air Force unit. Its last assignment was with 11th Air Division stationed at Ladd Air Force Base, Alaska, where it was inactivated on 25 August 1960.

The squadron was first activated in 1943 as the 449th Fighter Squadron and engaged in combat in China during World War II. Following VJ Day, it returned to the United States and was inactivated. It was reactivated in Alaska in 1947.

History

World War II

The squadron was first organized in China as the 449th Fighter Squadron and equipped with Lockheed P-38 Lightnings. It fought in the China Burma India Theater from 1943 to 1945.^[1] Former Heisman Trophy-winner Tom Harmon was a member of the unit during their stint in the CBI.^{[citation needed]}

Alaskan air defense

The 449th was reactivated at Adak Army Air Field as part of Alaskan Air Command in September 1947 and equipped with Northrop P-61 Black Widow night fighters. Its aircraft and personnel were drawn from the 415th Night Fighter Squadron, which was simultaneously inactivated.^[2] The Black Widows were used as interceptors against Soviet aircraft intruding into North American airspace.^{[citation needed]}

F-82H 46-387 in the Alaskan snow, about 1950

The squadron began to re-equip with North American F-82 Twin Mustangs in 1948,^[1] but only became a Twin Mustang unit upon moving to Ladd Air Force Base in 1949.^[3] It received additional aircraft from Far East Air Forces after the model was withdrawn from the Korean War.^{[citation needed]} These aircraft were modified to the F-82H model with the addition of cold weather equipment and additional de-icers. Many of these fighters operated with Strategic Air Command where they served as escorts for the massive Convair B-36 Peacemaker bomber during long flights over the Arctic.^{[citation needed]} The 449th Fighter-Interceptor Squadron was the last USAF unit equipped with the F-82, retiring the model in 1953^[4] when a lack of parts made it impossible to keep the aging airframes flying. The retirement of the F-82 marked the end of front-line use of USAF propeller driven fighter aircraft. Many were ultimately scrapped in Alaska.

Squadron F-94A^[5]

The squadron replaced their Twin Mustangs with jet Lockheed F-94 Starfires armed with 20mm cannon in 1952. The Starfire was not suited to service in the Arctic. When equipped with cold weather gear, the radar operator in the rear seat was cramped and found it difficult to operate. Moreover, the aircraft proved difficult to maintain and had a high accident rate. By mid 1954, the squadron had converted to the Northrop F-89 Scorpion. It initially flew a mix of F-89Cs armed with cannon, and F-89Ds armed with Mighty Mouse rockets in wing pods.^[4] In 1957, the squadron converted to the F-89J, which was armed with the nuclear MB-1 Genie air to air missile. After August 1958, the squadron maintained air defense of northern Alaska under the command of North American Air Defense Command.^[6] It inactivated in 1960^[1] along with turnover of Ladd to the United States Army as part of Fort Wainwright.

Lineage

• Constituted as the 449th Fighter Squadron, Two Engine on 2 August 1943

Activated on 26 August 1943

Inactivated on 25 December 1945

• Activated on 1 September 1947

Redesignated: 449th Fighter Squadron, All Weather on 20 July 1948

Redesignated: 449th Fighter-All Weather Squadron on 20 January 1950

Redesignated: 449th Fighter-Interceptor Squadron on 1 June 1951

Discontinued and inactivated on 25 August 1960^[1]

Assignments

• 51st Fighter Group, 26 August 1943 – 13 December 1945 (attached to 23d Fighter Group until October 1943)
• Alaskan Air Command, 1 September 1947 (attached to 5001st Composite Group after 1 May 1949)
• 5001st Composite Wing, 1 July 1949
• 11th Air Division, 8 April 1953
• 5001st Air Defense Group, 20 September 1954
• 11th Air Division, 1 October 1955 – 25 August 1960^[1]

Stations

Kunming, China, 26 August 1943 Lingling Airfield, China, 26 August 1943 Detachments operated from Hengyang and Kweilin Airfield, China, September 1943 Suichwan Airfield, China, February 1944 Kweilin Airfield, China, June 1944 Chengkung Airfield, China, 16 July 1944 Detachments operated from: Yunnani Airfield, China, c. 23 July 1944 – March 1945; Mengtsze, China, March 1945 and Posek, China, 12 April – May 1945

Mengtsze, China, c. 13 July 1945 India, September – November 1945 Fort Lewis, Washington, 19 – 25 December 1945, Adak Army Air Field (later Davis Air Force Base), Alaska, 1 September 1947 Ladd Air Force Base, Alaska, 28 March 1949 – 25 August 1960[1]

Aircraft

Lockheed P-38 Lightning, 1943–1945 Northrop P-61 Black Widow, 1947–1949 North American F-82 Twin Mustang, 1948–1953

Lockheed F-94B Starfire, 1952–1954 Northrop F-89C Scorpion, 1954–1957 Northrop F-89D Scorpion, 1954–1957 Northrop F-89J Scorpion, 1957–1960

See also

• F-89 Scorpion units of the United States Air Force
• F-94 Starfire units of the United States Air Force
• List of Lockheed P-38 Lightning operators

References

Notes

1. Maurer, pp. 555–556
2. Maurer, pp. 508–509
3. Dalby, p. 12
4. Dalby, p. 16
5. Aircraft is Lockheed F-94A-5-LO Starfighter serial 49-2531
6. Dalby, p. 17

Bibliography

 This article incorporates public domain material from the Air Force Historical Research Agency

• Dalby, Ron, ed. (2001). Top Cover and Global Engagement: A History of the Eleventh Air Force (PDF) (reprint ed.). Anchorage, AK: Alaska Quality Publishing.
• Davis, Larry (1996). F-82 Twin Mustang (Squadron/Signal Mini in Action Series Number 8). Carrollton, Texas: Squadron/Signal Publications inc. ISBN 0-89747-367-1
• Pape, Garry R.; Campbell, John M.; Campbell, Donna (1991). Northrop P-61 Black Widow: The Complete History and Combat Record. Minneapolis, MN: Motorbooks International. ISBN 978-0-879385-09-5.
• Maurer, Maurer, ed. (1982) [1969]. Combat Squadrons of the Air Force, World War II (PDF) (reprint ed.). Washington, DC: Office of Air Force History. ISBN 0-405-12194-6. LCCN 70605402. OCLC 72556.

Further reading

• Jackson, Daniel (2010). The Forgotten Squadron: The 449th Fighter Squadron in World War II - Flying P-38s with the Flying Tigers, 14th Air Force. Atglen, PA: Schiffer Publishing, Ltd. ISBN 978-0764335372.

External links

• Jackson, Dan (31 October 2011). "449th Fighter Squadron, 14th Air Force footage of Japanese Surrender". YouTube. Retrieved 2 May 2016.
• Stubblebine, David (3 May 2010). "P-38 Lightning aircraft of USAAF 449th Fighter Squadron, China, 1945". WW2DB. Retrieved 2 May 2016. (photograph of Squadron P-38)
• Rickard, J. (30 May 2007). "Lockheed P-38 Lightning in China, Burma and India (CBI)". WW2DB. Retrieved 2 May 2016.
• "Lt. Richard Harding & Lt. Col. Ward Kemp CO of 449th FIS, Ladd AFB, Nov 1952". Jet Pilot Overseas. 24 August 2012. Retrieved 2 May 2016.