The division was first activated in 1944 in New Guinea during World War II as the 309th Bombardment Wing. The wing acted as a task force headquarters controlling forward based units of Fifth Air Force in New Guinea and during the Liberation of the Philippines. Following the war, it moved to Japan and served as part of the occupation forces until inactivating in March 1946. It was activated again nine months later in the Air Force Reserve.
History
World War II
Neel E Kearby with his P-47 marked with 15 enemy aircraft destroyed
The division was first activated in February 1944 at Lae Airfield, New Guinea as the 309th Bombardment Wing and assigned to Fifth Air Force.[1] Although called a bombardment wing, the 309th operated as a task force, commanding the forward elements of Fifth Air Force. The 309th replaced the provisional 2d Air Task Force, which was organized on 2 August 1943 to serve as the forward element of the Advanced Echelon of Fifth Air Force in the Tsili Tsili area of New Guinea.[2] The wing's combat components included bomber, fighter, reconnaissance and special operations groups and their supporting organizations.[1]
The wing's bomber and fighter units attacked shipping, coastal installations, storage buildings, gun positions and airfields. When possible, Japanese troop concentrations were also attacked. Its tactical reconnaissance units flew numerous photographic missions.[1] In July, the wing moved forward to the Schouten Islands, initially occupying Kornasoren Airfield, which aviation engineers rebuilt as a heavy bomber base after its capture from the Japanese.[3] The 309th began operations supporting the Liberation of the Philippines in November.[1]
Fifth Air Force began to engage in the bombing of Japanese bases on Formosa as the Philippine Campaign progressed to cut enemy supply lines from the north.[7] Wing North American B-25 Mitchells struck these targets while its fighters escorted bombers on these missions.[6][8][9]
Following VJ Day, the 309th moved to Japan, where its personnel systematically destroyed Japanese military aircraft and equipment for which the United States had no use. it supported aircraft that staged through Chitose Airfield on their return to the United States. It also flew surveillance flights with North American P-51 Mustangs over northern Honshū and Hokkaido. The wing was inactivated in Japan in late March 1946.[1]
Air Force reserve
The wing was reactivated as a reserve unit under Air Defense Command (ADC) in January 1947 at Hensley Field, Texas. It was assigned no groups until October, when the 455th Bombardment Group at Hensley was assigned to the wing. At the end of March 1948, the 446th Bombardment Group was activated at Carswell Air Force Base and assigned to the wing.[1][10] The groups were designated as very heavy units and were nominally Boeing B-29 Superfortress units. However, there is no indication that the 455th Group was equipped with tactical aircraft.[11] The 446th Group was located at a regular Air Force base, which gave it access to aircraft stationed there.[10]
In 1948, Continental Air Command assumed responsibility from ADC for managing Air National Guard and reserve units.[12] When the regular Air Force implemented the wing base organization system, which placed operational and support units on a base under a single wing that same year, the 309th Wing, along with other reserve wings with combat groups on multiple bases, was renamed an air division.[1]
The 309th participated in routine reserve training and supervised the training of its assigned groups with the assistance of the 2596th Air Force Reserve Training Center until it was inactivated, in part due to President Truman’s 1949 defense budget, which required reductions in the number of units in the Air Force.[13] With the inactivation of the division and the 455th Group, most of their personnel were transferred to the 443d Troop Carrier Wing, which was simultaneously activated at Hensley.[1][14]
Lineage
Established as the 309 Bombardment Wing, Heavy on 20 January 1944
Activated on 1 February 1944
Inactivated on 25 March 1946
Redesignated 309 Bombardment Wing, Very Heavy on 6 January 1947
Activated in the Reserve on 10 January 1947
Redesignated 309 Air Division, Bombardment on 16 April 1948
Craven, Wesley F; Cate, James L, eds. (1953). The Army Air Forces in World War II. Vol. V, The Pacific: Matterhorn to Nagasaki. Chicago, Illinois: University of Chicago Press. LCCN48003657. OCLC704158.
Futrell, Frank (1953). "Return to the Philippines, Chapter 10, Prelude to Invasion". In Craven, Wesley F; Cate, James L (eds.). The Army Air Forces in World War II. Vol. V, The Pacific: Matterhorn to Nagasaki. Chicago, Illinois: University of Chicago Press. LCCN48003657. OCLC704158.
Futrell, Frank (1953). "Return to the Philippines, Chapter 14, Luzon". In Craven, Wesley F; Cate, James L (eds.). The Army Air Forces in World War II. Vol. V, The Pacific: Matterhorn to Nagasaki. Chicago, Illinois: University of Chicago Press. LCCN48003657. OCLC704158.
Mortenson, Maj Bernhardt L (1953). "Return to the Philippines, Chapter 16, Cutting the Enemy's Lifeline". In Craven, Wesley F; Cate, James L (eds.). The Army Air Forces in World War II. Vol. V, The Pacific: Matterhorn to Nagasaki. Chicago, Illinois: University of Chicago Press. LCCN48003657. OCLC704158.
Knaack, Marcelle Size (2012). Encyclopedia of US Air Force Aircraft and Missile Systems. Vol. 2, Post-World War II Bombers 1945–1973. Washington, DC: Office of Air Force History. ISBN978-1478140160.
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