Kuban Cossack Horse Regiment 3 Don Cossack Horse Regiment 5 Terek Cossack Horse Regiment 6 Division Units 2
The Wehrmacht had aimed to integrate Cossack collaborators into its own armed forces as early as late 1941, and hoped to utilize their abilities on horseback for the war effort on the Eastern Front.[2]: 189 Cossack cavalry was historically renowned for its value in anti-partisan warfare, and although Adolf Hitler initially officially prohibited the recruitment of locals, the necessity of warfare soon led to the autonomous creation by German commanders of ad-hoc volunteer units to assist in local German forces' rear areas.[3]: 16 On 13 November 1942, a staff with the name "Horse Formation von Pannwitz" (Reiterverband von Pannwitz) was formed to prepare the imminent assembly of Cossack cavalry regiments.[2]: 189 This cavalry formation was named after Helmuth von Pannwitz, one of the leading advocates inside Wehrmacht and Waffen-SS for the establishment of local cavalry formations, who would later go on to command the XV SS Corps that the eventual 2nd Cossack Cavalry Division would be a part of.[4]: 9 The division's personnel was recruited from among Germany's numerous prisoners of war.[5] Two such Cossack regiments, the "Cavalry Regiment Count von Urach" (Kavallerie-Regiment Fürst von Urach) and "Cavalry Regiment Platov" (Kavallerie-Regiment Platow), were formed as the nucleus of a total of six Cossack regiments which were assigned their designations on 5 September 1943, with each of the six regiments receiving the identity of a certain Cossack host (Don, Sibir, Zaporozhia, Kuban, Don, Terek).[2]: 189 The Cossacks were used in Yugoslavia, participating in Operation Rösselsprung.[6]: 277 Although each regiment carried the name of a host, troop transfers between the regiments were still conducted, thus leaving none of the regiments completely bound to their certain identity.[7]: 24 The six regiments were formed into the 1st Cossack Cavalry Division on 4 August 1943. The Cossack cavalry was earmarked for transfer to the Waffen-SS in late 1944, where they were to be reorganized into two separate divisions, thus requiring the assembly of a second division.[2]: 189 The reassignment to the Waffen-SS remained nominal; most of the Cossacks continued to fight in Wehrmacht uniforms, with Wehrmacht rank designations.[3]: 40
Using the former "2nd Cossack Cavalry Brigade" (2. Kosaken-Kavallerie-Brigade) of the German army, the 2nd Cossack Cavalry Division was formed in November 1944. It initially consisted of the Kuban Cossack Horse Regiment 3, Don Cossack Horse Regiment 5 and Terek Cossack Horse Regiment 6, as well as Division Units 2 for divisional support.[1]: 149
In May 1945, the personnel of the 2nd Cossack Cavalry Division initially surrendered to the British Eighth Army, but were subsequently turned over to the Red Army, where they were punished as traitors.[9]: 474 The forcible repatriation of Soviet nationals had previously been agreed between the Western Allies and the Soviet Union, and went against the wills of most of the repatriated soldiers in question. Many of the leaders were subsequently executed.[3]: 40
Sources
References
^ abcdTessin, Georg (1966). Die Landstreitkräfte 001–005. Verbände und Truppen der deutschen Wehrmacht und Waffen-SS im Zweiten Weltkrieg 1939-1945. Vol. 2. Verlag E. S. Mittler & Sohn GmbH. ISBN3764808713.
^ abcdTessin, Georg (1977). Die Waffengattungen — Gesamtübersicht. Verbände und Truppen der deutschen Wehrmacht und Waffen-SS im Zweiten Weltkrieg 1939-1945 (in German). Vol. 1. Osnabrück: Biblio Verlag. ISBN3764810971.
^ abcFowler, Jeffrey (2001). Axis Cavalry in World War II. Oxford: Osprey Publishing. ISBN1841763233.
^Nigel, Thomas (1995). Axis Forces In Yugoslavia 1941–45. Oxford: Osprey Publishing. ISBN1855324733.
^ abMitcham, Samuel W. (2007). "2nd Cossack Cavalry Division". German Order of Battle: 291st-999th Infantry Divisions, Named Infantry Divisions, and Special Divisions in World War II. Vol. 2. Stackpole Books. ISBN9780811734370.
^Littlejohn, David (1987). Foreign Legions of the Third Reich: Poland, the Ukraine, Bulgaria, Romania, Free India, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Finland and Russia. R. James Bender Publishing. ISBN091213836X.
^Tessin, Georg (1967). Die Landstreitkräfte 006–014. Verbände und Truppen der deutschen Wehrmacht und Waffen-SS im Zweiten Weltkrieg 1939–1945 (in German). Vol. 3. Frankfurt/Main: Verlag E. S. Mittler & Sohn GmbH.
^ abMcCroden, William T.; Nutter, Thomas E. (2019). German Ground Forces of World War II: Complete Orders of Battle for Army Groups, Armies, Army Corps, and Other Commands of the Wehrmacht and Waffen SS, September 1, 1939 to May 8, 1945. Savas Beatie. ISBN9781611211092.
^ abMitcham, Samuel W. (1985). Hitler's Legions: The German Army Order of Battle, World War II. Stein and Days Publishing. ISBN0812829921.
Literature
De Lannoy, François; Charita, Josef (2009). Les Cosaques De Pannwitz — Pannwitz Cossacks 1942–1945 (in French and English). Heimdal. ISBN9782840481317.
Fowler, Jeffrey (2001). Axis Cavalry in World War II. Osprey Men-at-Arms. Vol. 361. Oxford: Osprey Publishing. ISBN1841763233.