2020–2021 Armenian protests

2020−2021 Armenian protests
Protests in front of Yerevan Opera House against the terms of the 2020 Nagorno-Karabakh ceasefire agreement
Date10 November 2020 – 25 April 2021
Location
Armenia Armenia: Yerevan, Gyumri, Vanadzor
Caused by
Goals
  • Cancellation of the ceasefire agreement in Nagorno-Karabakh (previously)
  • Resignation of Prime Minister Nikol Pashinyan (succeeded)
  • Formation of a 1-year interim national unity government followed by snap elections[1]
MethodsDemonstrations, civil unrest, street blockades
StatusEnded
Parties
Lead figures

Armenia Nikol Pashinyan (Prime Minister)
Armen Sargsyan (President)
Armenia Vahe Ghazaryan (police chief)

Casualties
Detained362+ people[11][12][13][14]

The 2020−2021 Armenian protests (also known as the March of Dignity;[15] Armenian: Արժանապատվության երթ, romanized: Arzhanapatvut'yan yert'[16]) were a series of protests that began following the Nagorno-Karabakh ceasefire agreement on 10 November 2020. After Prime Minister Nikol Pashinyan announced that he signed an agreement to cede Armenian-occupied territories in Azerbaijan and put an end to six weeks of hostilities over the Nagorno-Karabakh region, thousands of people took to the streets, and hundreds stormed the Parliament building in the capital Yerevan.[17] Protests continued throughout November, with demonstrations in Yerevan and other cities demanding the resignation of Nikol Pashinyan.[18]

The protests were led by two different political coalitions: the National Democratic Pole, a pro-Western and pro-European alliance consisting of several political figures, and the Homeland Salvation Movement, a pro-Russian alliance consisting of several opposition parties. The former ruling Republican Party, the largest opposition party in parliament at the time, Prosperous Armenia, and the Armenian Revolutionary Federation joined the Homeland Salvation Movement. On 3 December 2020, the Homeland Salvation Movement announced former prime minister Vazgen Manukyan as their candidate to lead an interim government for a period of one year. Meanwhile, the National Democratic Pole, led by the Sasna Tsrer Pan-Armenian Party and formerly the European Party of Armenia, had also proposed for itself to lead an interim government for a period of one year.

In addition to the two political coalitions, numerous public figures had called on Prime Minister Pashinyan to resign, including the then president of Armenia, Armen Sarkissian, former president Levon Ter-Petrosyan, both catholicoi of the Armenian Apostolic Church, Karekin II and Aram I, and Edmon Marukyan leader of the then third-largest party in parliament Bright Armenia (who announced his own candidacy for the office of prime minister) as well as several regional governors and mayors.[1] In early December, the ban on mass gatherings and strikes stipulated by martial law imposed in September was lifted.[19] On 22 December, a general strike was called that reinvigorated the protests.

On 25 February 2021, Chief of the General Staff of the Armenian Armed Forces Onik Gasparyan and more than 40 other high-ranking military officers issued a statement calling for Pashinyan's resignation, which Pashinyan denounced as an attempted military coup.[20] On 18 March 2021, Pashinyan announced early parliamentary elections, to take place on 20 June 2021. Pashinyan confirmed he would resign as Prime Minister in April 2021 but would continue to serve as interim prime minister until snap elections were held.[21]

Background

During the 2020 Nagorno-Karabakh war, which began on 27 September 2020, Azerbaijani forces seized control of many settlements, including the strategically important city of Shusha after a three-day-long battle. The war ended in an Azerbaijani victory on 9 November, and a ceasefire was signed between both parties and Russia.[17] According to the agreement, Armenian and Azerbaijani forces will remain in their positions until Armenia returns territories it occupied surrounding Nagorno-Karabakh (Kalbajar, Aghdam, and Lachin Districts excluding the Lachin Corridor) back to Azerbaijan. Azerbaijan will retain all territories gained during the war, and around 2,000 Russian peacekeeping forces will be deployed in the remaining territory.[22] While the deal was widely celebrated in Azerbaijan,[23][24] it was viewed as a disastrous defeat in Armenia, and some Armenians quickly took to the streets. Protestors called Prime Minister Pashinyan a "traitor", and demanded him to step down, nullify the peace agreement, and restart the war.[25]

Protests

10 November

On 10 November, when the protests erupted, there were fights as protesters tried to get over to the podium to speak and were shouted down, with some throwing bottles.[26] Protesters also seized the parliament building by breaking a metal door, and pulled the President of the National Assembly of Armenia Ararat Mirzoyan from a car, demanding to know the whereabouts of Pashinyan. He was beaten by the protesters and later taken to hospital, where he underwent surgery and was said to be in good condition.[27]

The Prime Minister's daughter Mariam Pashinyan said on her Facebook page that the demonstrators entered the room of her younger sisters.[28] The AFP news agency reported that the police authorities who were present did little to prevent the disorder and people roamed the hallways of the government building, where the doors had been opened and the contents in the offices were thrown around.[26]

11 November

At about 04:00, a group of approximately 40 people attempted to break into the Yerevan office of Azatutyun, the Armenian service of Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty (RFE/RL). Executive producer Artak Hambardzumyan said that the group first shouted at the Azatutyun offices, calling its employees "Turks" and traitors, and demanded that its journalists leave the country. The attackers also kicked and punched the office door, unsuccessfully trying to break in and "take Azatutyun’s server."[29] The protesters also ransacked the Open Society Foundation office in downtown Yerevan.[30] On the same day, six people were detained on suspicion of organizing mass riots, and calling to seize power and to overthrow the constitutional order.[31]

The Armenian Prosecutor General's Office urged the citizens to refrain from organizing, holding or participating in rallies,[32] while clashes broke out between the protestors, who were chanting "Nikol is a traitor!",[33] and the Armenian security forces on Freedom Square in Yerevan, where three law enforcement officers were injured.[34] The protesters then moved to the building of the Government of Armenia.[35] The Armenian opposition announced the creation of the National Salvation Committee in response to the arrests.[36] The protests concluded at late night.[37]

12 November

At midday, a small group of protesters gathered at the Matenadaran Mesrop Mashtots Institute of Ancient Manuscripts and at the Yerevan Opera Theatre, demanding the release of political prisoners[38] and Pashinyan's resignation.[39] Then, the opposition party Sasna Tsrer held a rally on Yerevan's Freedom Square.[40] The Armenian police, having pulled up additional forces to the area, broke up the rally and arrested its participants.[41]

13 November

A rally organized by 17 opposition parties took in Yerevan throughout the day, demanding the resignation of Pashinyan.[42] The protestors also mourned the fallen Armenians with candelight.[43]

18 November

Demonstrations at Freedom Square, Yerevan

More protests erupted near the building of the National Assembly of Armenia, demanding Pashinyan's resignation,[44][45] with the parliamentary opposition boycott the session of the National Assembly.[46]

19 November

More protests erupted in Yerevan, with anti-Pashinyan protestors blocking the streets. The police, trying to restore traffic, pushed the protesters to the sidewalk.[47]

20 November

More protests erupted in Yerevan, with anti-Pashinyan protestors blocking Baghramyan Avenue, and Tigran Mets Avenue. The police units, as well as the military police, intervened, detaining dozens of activists.[48] More protests were reported in others streets of the city,[49] with reported police brutality.[50] In Gyumri, the protestors, demanding the resignation Pashinyan, also blocked the streets.[51]

26 November

Protests erupted in Ijevan, demanding Pashinyan's resignation.[52]

3 December

Protests erupted in Yerevan against the ceasefire of the 2020 Nagorno-Karabakh war and the government. Their demands were new parliamentary elections, a new government and also ceding Nagorno-Karabakh from Azerbaijan. The 17 opposition parties in Armenia, which have been staging protests demanding the resignation of Prime Minister Nikol Pashinyan, announced that Vazgen Manukyan, Armenia's first prime minister, is their candidate to lead a proposed “national accord” government.[4] Police clashes with the protesters and then detained protesters. Hundreds attended the protests.[53]

5 December

Mass protests demanding the resignation of the government took place nationwide and chanted against the prime minister. Anti-regime protests saw thousands attend and clap on many streets in cities throughout the country. The protesters marched to the residence of the prime minister. The opposition's candidate for prime minister Vazgen Manukyan gave a speech where he issued an ultimatum to Prime Minister Pashinyan to resign by 8 December, and warned him that if he did not leave office voluntarily that "the enraged people would tear him apart".[1]

8 December

Protests resumed in Armenia after Prime Minister Pashinyan ignored the opposition's ultimatum to resign. Hundreds attended the demonstrations in Yerevan and opposition supporters staged anti-government protests and rallies in other cities. The opposition organised acts of civil disobedience and blocked streets in Yerevan.[54]

9 December

On 9 December, around 15,000 people protested in Yerevan in front of the Armenian parliament building while Prime Minister Pashinyan addressed the parliament. Pashinyan stated that he would only resign if the people demanded it, and that the demands of the opposition and other groups should not be confused with the demands of the people.[55]

11 December

Several hundred supporters of the opposition protested outside the main government building in Yerevan on 10 December while Pashinyan's government held its session. Police used force to unblock streets and detained 101 protestors in Yerevan.[56][57]

12 December - 21 December

Small intermittent protests still occurred.

22 December - 25 December

A strike was called on 22 December that included support from the subway workers, Yerevan State University members and 17 opposition parties, again calling for the Pashinyan's resignation. The protests grew in size as the opposition set up tents in Republic Square. While there were arrests made, the protests were peaceful. Thousands of protesters marched in the streets of Yerevan in support of the opposition. Pashinyan rejected calls to resign on 23 December and the next day.

On 23 December, Garnik Isagulyan, Chairman of the National Security Party, was arrested for inciting mob violence against Nikol Pashinyan.[58][59]

January 2021

On 14 January, the Homeland Salvation Movement announced that it would hold rallies in the provinces of Armenia.

On 15 January, Vazgen Manukyan and other opposition figures met people in Gyumri,[60] and went to Vanadzor the next day.[61] A number of residents of Shirak Province unsuccessfully attempted to prevent Manukyan from entering Gyumri by blocking the highway․ Manukyan later referred to them as "bums" who had been paid by the ruling "My Step" coalition, which prompted criticism.[62]

On 26 January, while holding a rally in the town of Ararat in Ararat Province, Manukyan stated that if the constitutional route to remove Nikol Pashinyan from power did not work, then they would need to carry out a "rebellion", and clarified when asked by journalists that he meant "seizing buildings and forcibly changing the government, of course, without physical violence."[63] The next day the Prosecutor General's Office declared that it had studied the video of Manukyan making this statement and sent it to the National Security Service.[64]

In an interview given on 27 January, ex-president of Armenia and Homeland Salvation Movement supporter Robert Kocharyan declared his intention to participate in the coming snap elections, the date of which has not yet been determined.[65] The opposition's candidate Vazgen Manukyan had earlier rejected the idea of snap elections while Pashinyan remains in power, asserting that Pashinyan would falsify the elections. In early February, opposition leader Ishkhan Saghatelyan of the ARF stated that the coalition members were divided over whether or not to participate in snap elections. The Prosperous Armenia Party, the Homeland Party and ex-president Kocharyan are reportedly in favor of participating, while Serzh Sargsyan's Republican Party is in favor of boycotting snap elections held by Pashinyan's government.[66]

On 28 January, former MP of the Republic of Artsakh Vahan Badasyan, who is not associated with the Homeland Salvation Movement, held a rally at Yerablur Military Pantheon, where he stated that Prime Minister Pashinyan had to be removed as an enemy and "eliminated" if necessary, and when asked by journalists to clarify, he stated "physically [eliminated], by arms." Badasyan was arrested and charged with "making public calls to seize power, violate territorial integrity or violently overthrow the constitutional order."[67]

February 2021

On 23 February, thousands gathered in opposition protests in downtown Yerevan for the latest protest demanding Prime Minister Nikol Pashinyan's resignation. Dozens were arrested.[68]

On 25 February, the General Staff of the Armenian Armed Forces released a statement demanding Pashinyan's resignation.[69] The leadership of the Homeland Salvation Movement welcomed the generals' statement and held a rally in Freedom Square in support of the army.[70]

On 26 February, Tigran Khzmalyan, the Chairman of the European Party of Armenia and former member of the National Democratic Pole, stated that Armenia must remain democratic and to be cautious of Russian interference in Armenia's domestic affairs, during a protest in Yerevan.[71]

March 2021

External videos
video icon Pashinyan's supporters hold a protest in Republic Square, Yerevan on YouTube

On 5 March, Ara Papian, a key figure of the National Democratic Pole, called for strengthening bilateral relations with the United States and proclaimed that Armenia should increase its cooperation with NATO, during a rally in Yerevan.[72]

On 15 March, the National Democratic Pole alliance marched in front of the French embassy in Yerevan. Participants called for developing a strategic partnership and greater military cooperation between Armenia and France.[73]

On 18 March, Prime Minister Nikol Pashinyan announced early parliamentary elections, to take place on 20 June 2021.[74]

April 2021

Demonstrations of the National Democratic Pole on 9 April 2021

On 1 April, a group of five political parties, including the Hanrapetutyun Party, Sovereign Armenia, Fair Armenia, For The Republic and the United Labour Party, signed a joint declaration calling on the Government of Armenia to ensure free and fair upcoming elections, following the on-going political unrest in the country.[75][76]

On 9 April, the National Democratic Pole held a large rally in Yerevan, leaders called for an end to "Russian-Turkish" colonization over Armenia and support a fully sovereign Armenia.[77]

On 15 April, eight political parties, including Heritage, the Social Justice Party, Democratic Homeland Party, Armenian Constructive Party, Hayk Party and the Conservative Party, signed a joint declaration calling on the President of Armenia to ensure that democracy and the Constitution of Armenia is upheld in the country during the on-going political crisis.[78]

May 2021

Several thousand Armenians rallied in Yerevan on 9 May 2021 to show their support for a new political alliance, Armenia Alliance, created by former president Robert Kocharyan.[79]

On 9 May, thousands of supporters of former Armenian President Robert Kocharyan and his newly established political alliance, Armenia Alliance, gathered at Freedom Square in Yerevan.[80] The alliance consists of the Armenian Revolutionary Federation and the Reborn Armenia Party.

Arrests

As of 11 November, more than 362 people have been detained by the Armenian police for participating in the protests.[11][12][13][14]

On 11 November, Armenian law enforcement officers detained Gagik Tsarukyan, the leader of the Prosperous Armenia Party (Tsarukyan was released the next day),[81] while Armenia's ex-president Serzh Sargsyan was summoned by the Armenian National Security Service for questioning.[82] Then, the National Security Service arrested Eduard Sharmazanov, the press secretary of the Republican Party and the former deputy chairman of the Armenian National Assembly.[83] He was released the next day and later charged with "organization of mass disorder".[84] On 12 November, Artsvik Minasyan, member of the supreme body of the Armenian Revolutionary Federation, Arsen Babayan, member of the Homeland Party, and Ara Hakobyan, chairman of the National Agenda Party, were all summoned by the Armenian NSS.[85] Babayan was later charged with "organization of mass disorder".[86] On the same day, one of the organizers of the rallies, opposition politician and ex-director of the National Security Service Artur Vanetsyan, was arrested for plotting to overthrow the government and kill the country's prime minister Nikol Pashinyan.[87] Vanetsyan, alongside the ex-head of the Republican Party Vahram Baghdasaryan, ARF politician Ashot Avagyan,[88] as well as commander of the Sisian Volunteer Detachment Ashot Minasyan were charged.[89] All four were released days later after a Yerevan court ruled their detention unlawful.[90][91] On 13 November, chairman of the supreme council of the Armenian Revolutionary Federation Ishkhan Saghatelyan was summoned to the NSS.[92] On 14 November, another ARF politician Artsvik Minasyan was detained,[93] while MPs representing the Prosperous Armenia Party Naira Zohrabyan, Shake Isayan, Iveta Tonoyan, Vahe Enfiajyan, Gevorg Petrosyan, and Mikayel Melkumyan were summoned to the NSS.[94] On 20 November, former head of the parliamentary staff Ara Saghatelyan, ex-adviser to the President of Artsakh Tigran Abrahamyan, ex-MP Mihran Hakobyan,[95] activist Narek Malyan,[96] and almost all members of the Adekvad initiative[97] were detained; Malyan and Hakobyan were released the next day. Mihran Hakobyan was charged with "organizing mass disorder" on 26 November.[98]

Analysis

Prior to the general strike, the Director of the Yerevan-based Center for Regional Studies Richard Giragosian stated that he does not expect a sharp change of power due to the rather small scale of the protests and the unpopularity of the opposition. However, he stressed that Pashinyan needs to restore peace and confidence in the coming weeks, which, will not be easy.[citation needed]

EurasiaNet editor Joshua Kucera stated that the Pashinyan government is under threat as many Armenians feel betrayed. "He has many political opponents, and they want to seize the moment to overthrow him."[99]

See also

References

  1. ^ a b c "As Ultimatum Expires, Protests Continue". EVN Report. 8 December 2020.
  2. ^ "Никол Пашинян попал в послевоенное положение". kommersant.ru (in Russian). Kommersant. 11 November 2020.
  3. ^ "Fresh crisis brews in Armenia after Nagorno-Karabakh peace deal". aljazeera.com. Al Jazeera. 12 November 2020.
  4. ^ a b "Opposition Parties Choose Vazgen Manukyan as Prime Minister Candidate". 3 December 2020.
  5. ^ "На акции протеста в Ереване начались задержания ее участников". regnum.ru (in Russian). REGNUM News Agency. 20 November 2020.
  6. ^ "На митинге в Ереване Пашиняна призвали покаяться и уйти Протесты в Ереване". ИА Красная Весна. Retrieved 12 November 2020.
  7. ^ "Serzh Sargsyan's office - Nikol Pashinyan to be mentioned in history as coward and a leader with stigma of a traitor stamped on forehead by the people".
  8. ^ Tamrazian, Hrayr (4 March 2021). "Ռոբերտ Քոչարյանն աջակցում է "Հայրենիքի փրկության շարժման" վարչապետի թեկնածու Վազգեն Մանուկյանին". azatutyun.am (in Armenian). RFE/RL.
  9. ^ Zargaryan, Robert (1 March 2021). "Բանակի հրամանատարությանը վարչապետն իրավունք չունի պաշտոնից ազատելու, հայտարարում է Օհանյանը". azatutyun.am (in Armenian). RFE/RL.
  10. ^ "Մեր թիկունքում ողջ բանակն է, և մենք շատ արագ պետք է այս գործն ավարտին հասցնենք. Յուրի Խաչատուրով". yerkirmedia.am (in Armenian). Yerkir Media. 1 March 2021.
  11. ^ a b Чукалина, Евгения (11 November 2020). "Более 130 человек задержали в ходе протестов в Ереване". Известия.
  12. ^ a b Агеев, Алексей (20 November 2020). "Более 90 человек задержаны в ходе протестов в Армении". Известия.
  13. ^ a b Узел, Кавказский. "Силовики задержали 24 протестующих в Ереване". Кавказский Узел.
  14. ^ a b Узел, Кавказский. "25 человек задержаны на акциях протеста в Ереване". Кавказский Узел.
  15. ^ Kocharyan, Stepan, ed. (15 December 2020). "Anti-Pashinyan demonstrators rally in "March of Dignity"". Armenpress. Retrieved 16 December 2020.
  16. ^ "Երևանում մեկնարկում է վարչապետի հրաժարականի պահանջով "Արժանապատվության երթը"". Azatutyun. 16 December 2020. Retrieved 16 December 2020.
  17. ^ a b Kramer, Andrew E. (10 November 2020). "Facing Military Debacle, Armenia Accepts a Deal in Nagorno-Karabakh War". The New York Times. Retrieved 10 November 2020.
  18. ^ Rival Rallies In Yerevan As Armenia Reels From Nagorno-Karabakh Truce, retrieved 21 November 2020
  19. ^ Ghazanchyan, Siranush (2 December 2020). "Armenia lifts certain restrictions envisaged by martial law". armradio.am.
  20. ^ "Armenian armed forces demand PM's resignation". JAMnews. 25 February 2021. Retrieved 25 February 2021.
  21. ^ "Armenian prime minister to step down in April". DWnews. 29 March 2021. Retrieved 31 March 2021.
  22. ^ Bar, Hervé (10 November 2020). "Deal Struck to End Nagorno-Karabakh War". The Moscow Times. Retrieved 10 November 2020.
  23. ^ Dixon, Robyn (10 November 2020). "Cease-fire in Nagorno-Karabakh provokes protests in Armenia, celebrations in Azerbaijan". The Washington Post. Moscow. Retrieved 10 November 2020.
  24. ^ "Armenia, Azerbaijan and Russia sign Nagorno-Karabakh peace deal". BBC News. 10 November 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  25. ^ Qazi, Shereena; Safdar, Anealla; Allahoum, Ramy (10 November 2020). "Tensions persist despite Nagorno-Karabakh peace deal: Live news". Al Jazeera English. Retrieved 10 November 2020.
  26. ^ a b "Nagorno-Karabakh conflict: Violence inside Armenian parliament as protesters denounce ceasefire". Sky News. Retrieved 10 November 2020.
  27. ^ "Armenian parliament speaker injured by protesters, prime minister says". TASS.
  28. ^ "Դասալիք հիմարներ, որ իմ փոքր քույրերի սենյակ եք մտել: Դուք մեղք եք. Մարիամ Փաշինյան - Այսօր' թարմ լուրեր Հայաստանից". www.aysor.am. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  29. ^ "Demonstrators Attack RFE/RL Office in Yerevan, Assault Journalists". www.coe.int. Retrieved 12 November 2020.
  30. ^ "Протестующие разгромили офис фонда Сороса в центре Еревана". Interfax.ru (in Russian). Retrieved 10 November 2020.
  31. ^ "Six Detained On Suspicion Of Mass Riots, Calls To Seize Power, Including Attackers Of Parliament Speaker Ararat Mirzoyan. | ZARTONK MEDIA". zartonkmedia.com. 11 November 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  32. ^ "Генпрокуратура Армении призвала граждан не участвовать в предстоящем митинге оппозиции | ArmenianReport". armenianreport.com. 11 December 2020.
  33. ^ "На митинге оппозиция объявила "о трех шагах для спасения Арцаха" | ArmenianReport". armenianreport.com. 11 December 2020.
  34. ^ "Обстановка в центре Еревана накаляется: в стычке пострадали полицейские". Новое Время.
  35. ^ "Протестующие с площади Свободы двинулись к зданию Правительства Армении | ArmenianReport". armenianreport.com. 11 December 2020.
  36. ^ "В Ереване начались стычки протестующих с полицией". www.kommersant.ru (in Russian). 11 November 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  37. ^ "Митинг у парламента завершился, в 00.30 созвана пресс-конференция | ArmenianReport". armenianreport.com. 11 December 2020.
  38. ^ "Армянская оппозиция заявила о намерении бороться за свободу политзаключенных | ArmenianReport". armenianreport.com. 11 December 2020.
  39. ^ "Армянская оппозиция пообещала "мощную акцию": события ночи 12 ноября". EADaily. 12 November 2020.
  40. ^ ""Сасна црер" проводит митинг и шествие в Ереване | ArmenianReport". armenianreport.com. 11 December 2020.
  41. ^ "Полиция провела массовые задержания на митинге "Сасна црер" в Ереване | ArmenianReport". armenianreport.com. 11 December 2020.
  42. ^ "Очередной митинг оппозиции против Пашиняна начался с показа постеров с обвинительными надписями | ArmenianReport". armenianreport.com. 11 December 2020.
  43. ^ "Масштабные протесты против Пашиняна продолжаются | ArmenianReport". armenianreport.com. 11 December 2020.
  44. ^ "Следующий митинг с требованием отставки Никола Пашиняна состоится 18 ноября | ArmenianReport". armenianreport.com. 11 December 2020.
  45. ^ "Возле здания НС Армении проходит акция протеста - "Премьер должен уйти" | ArmenianReport". armenianreport.com. 11 December 2020.
  46. ^ "Парламентская оппозиция продолжает бойкотировать заседание Национального Собрания Армении | ArmenianReport". armenianreport.com. 11 December 2020.
  47. ^ "В Ереване противники Пашиняна стали перекрывать улицы | ArmenianReport". armenianreport.com. 11 December 2020.
  48. ^ "В Ереване противники Пашиняна перекрыли два проспекта: задержаны десятки митингующих | ArmenianReport". armenianreport.com. 11 December 2020.
  49. ^ "Полиция подвергает приводу участников акций протеста в Ереване | ArmenianReport". armenianreport.com. 11 December 2020.
  50. ^ "Гоар Мелоян: "Граждан подвергают приводу неизвестные, облаченные в полицейскую форму китайского образца" | ArmenianReport". armenianreport.com. 11 December 2020.
  51. ^ "Жители Гюмри перекрыли улицы: они требуют отставки премьер-министра Армении | ArmenianReport". armenianreport.com. 11 December 2020.
  52. ^ "Акция неповиновения в Иджеване: Ее участники требуют отставки Пашиняна | ArmenianReport". armenianreport.com. 11 December 2020.
  53. ^ "Hundreds protest against Armenian PM, block streets over ceasefire deal". Reuters. 3 December 2020. Retrieved 6 December 2020.
  54. ^ "Hundreds protest in Armenia after PM ignores deadline to resign". aljazeera.com. 8 December 2020.
  55. ^ "Protesters in Armenia besiege parliament, demand PM resigns". washingtonpost.com. 9 December 2020. Archived from the original on 9 December 2020.
  56. ^ "Over 100 Detained During Opposition Rally in Yerevan". civilnet.am. 11 December 2020. Archived from the original on 15 December 2020. Retrieved 15 December 2020.
  57. ^ "Protesters Block Yerevan Streets As Pressure Builds On Armenia's Prime Minister To Step Down". azatutyun.am. 11 December 2020.
  58. ^ ռ/կ, Ազատություն (23 December 2020). "Ձերբակալվել է "Ազգային անվտանգություն" կուսակցության նախագահ Գառնիկ Իսագուլյանը". «Ազատ Եվրոպա/Ազատություն» ռադիոկայան.
  59. ^ "Բռնություն գործադրելու հրապարակային կոչեր հնչեցնելու կասկածանքով ձերբակալվել է "Ազգային անվտանգություն" կուսակցության նախագահ Գառնիկ Իսագուլյանը". 23 December 2020.
  60. ^ "Նիկոլը պրոյեկտ է, չե՞ք տեսնում շղթայաձեւ թավշյա հեղափոխություններ են լինում․Վազգեն Մանուկյան". news.am. Retrieved 15 January 2021.
  61. ^ "Այսօր Վազգեն Մանուկյանն ու Հայրենիքի փրկության շարժման ներկայացուցիչները կայցելեն Վանաձոր". 7or.am. Retrieved 16 January 2021.
  62. ^ Kaghzvantsian, Satenik (15 January 2021). ""Իմ քայլն" իրենց փող էր բաժանել, բոմժեր էին". Վազգեն Մանուկյանը' ճանապարհը փակողների մասին" ["'My Step' had given them money, they're bums" Vazgen Manukyan about the people who blocked the road]. Azatutyun. Retrieved 1 February 2021.
  63. ^ Zargaryan, Robert (26 January 2021). "Վազգեն Մանուկյանը հայտարարում է՝ եթե սահմանադրական ճանապարհով չհասնեն վարչապետի հրաժարականին, կդիմեն ապստամբության" [Vazgen Manukyan declares that if they can't achieve the prime minister's resignation through the constitutional route, then they will resort to rebellion]. Azatutyun. Retrieved 1 February 2021.
  64. ^ "Դատախազությունն ուսումնասիրել և ԱԱԾ է ուղարկել Վազգեն Մանուկյանի հայտարարությունների տեսանյութը" [The Prosecutor General's Office has studied the video of Vazgen Manukyan's declaration and sent it to the NSS]. newarmenia.am. 27 January 2021. Retrieved 1 February 2021.
  65. ^ Saribekian, Gayane (28 January 2021). ""Արտահերթ ընտրություններին մասնակցելու ենք եւ կրելու ենք". Ռոբերտ Քոչարյան" ["We are going to participate in the snap elections and win." Robert Kocharyan]. Azatutyun. Retrieved 29 January 2021.
  66. ^ Saribekian, Gayane (3 February 2021). "Armenian Opposition Alliance To Resume Anti-Government Protests". Azatutyun. Retrieved 3 February 2021.
  67. ^ Khulyan, Artak (29 January 2021). "Դատարանը բավարարել է Վահան Բադասյանին կալանավորելու միջնորդությունը" [The court has granted the motion to arrest Vahan Badasyan]. Azatutyun. Retrieved 1 February 2021.
  68. ^ RFE/RL's, Armenian Service (23 February 2021). "Dozens Arrested As Armenian Opposition Protests Again In Capita".
  69. ^ "Armenia's PM says call for his resignation are attempted coup". Al Arabiya English. 25 February 2021. Retrieved 25 February 2021.
  70. ^ ռ/կ, Ազատություն (25 February 2021). "Thousands Rally For, Against Armenian PM". «Ազատ Եվրոպա/Ազատություն» Ռադիոկայան. Retrieved 26 February 2021.
  71. ^ ""Նրանք մի մազից են կախված, և դա Կրեմլից է աճել". Տիգրան Խզմալյանը՝ իշխանական և ընդդիմադիր ուժերի մասին". www.aravot.am.
  72. ^ "Մեկնարկել է Ազգային-ժողովրդավարական բեւեռի երթը". www.aravot.am.
  73. ^ "Loan letter to French President in anticipation of comprehensive military-military-technical assistance". 15 March 2021.[permanent dead link‍]
  74. ^ "Embattled Armenian PM Announces Early Parliamentary Elections". Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty. 18 March 2021. Retrieved 18 March 2021.
  75. ^ "Հինգ կուսակցությունների համատեղ հայտարարությունը". araratnews.am.
  76. ^ "Նախագահը պետք է ստորագրի արտահերթ ընտրությունները համամասնական ընտրակարգով անցկացնելու նախագիծը. 5 կուսակցություններ". infocom.am.
  77. ^ "From the Russian-Turkish colony to a dignified, sovereign country soon". Archived from the original on 2 May 2021. Retrieved 12 April 2021.
  78. ^ "ՀՀ Նախագահ ԱՐՄԵՆ ՍԱՐԳՍԵԱՆԻՆ". 15 April 2021.
  79. ^ "Armenians rally in support of ex-president Kocharyan ahead of vote". Reuters. 9 May 2021.
  80. ^ "В Ереване проходит митинг сторонников блока экс-президента Роберта Кочаряна". tass.ru (in Russian). 9 May 2021.
  81. ^ "Гагика Царукяна увезли в СНБ Армении | ArmenianReport". armenianreport.com. 11 December 2020.
  82. ^ "Экс-президент Армении Серж Саргсян вызван в Службу национальной безопасности | ArmenianReport". armenianreport.com. 11 December 2020.
  83. ^ В Армении арестовали бывшего вице-спикера парламента Шармазанова
  84. ^ "Эдуарду Шармазанову предъявлено обвинение | ArmenianReport". armenianreport.com. 11 December 2020.
  85. ^ "СНБ Армении подвергла приводу Арцвика Минасяна и Арсена Бабаяна | ArmenianReport". armenianreport.com. 11 December 2020.
  86. ^ "Нескольким армянским оппозиционным деятелям предъявлено обвинение | ArmenianReport". armenianreport.com. 11 December 2020.
  87. ^ "Armenian Opposition Leader Detained, Accused Of Plotting To Kill PM Pashinian". Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty. 14 November 2020. Retrieved 21 November 2020.
  88. ^ "Четвертый обвиняемый в подготовке убийства Пашиняна освобожден | ArmenianReport". armenianreport.com. 11 December 2020.
  89. ^ "Ашот Минасян освобожден | ArmenianReport". armenianreport.com. 11 December 2020.
  90. ^ "Դատարանը մերժեց կալանավորել ՀՀԿ-ական Վահրամ Բաղդասարյանին և Արթուր Վանեցյանին". «Ազատ Եվրոպա/Ազատություն» Ռադիոկայան. 16 November 2020.
  91. ^ "Դատարանը մերժեց Աշոտ Մինասյանին կալանավորելու միջնորդությունը". «Ազատ Եվրոպա/Ազատություն» Ռադիոկայան. 19 November 2020.
  92. ^ "Артур Ванецян и Ишхан Сагателян вызваны в Специальную следственную службу | ArmenianReport". armenianreport.com. 11 December 2020.
  93. ^ "Суд счел задержание Арцвика Минасяна неправомерным | ArmenianReport". armenianreport.com. 11 December 2020.
  94. ^ "Депутаты фракции "Процветающая Армения" получили из Специальной следственной службы повестку о вызове на допрос | ArmenianReport". armenianreport.com. 11 December 2020.
  95. ^ "Միհրան Հակոբյանն ազատ է արձակվել". 24news.am. 21 November 2020.
  96. ^ "Activist Narek Malyan arrested". armenpress.am.
  97. ^ "Почти все члены объединения "Адеквад" подвергнуты приводу | ArmenianReport". armenianreport.com. 11 December 2020.
  98. ^ "Миграну Акопяну предъявлено обвинение | ArmenianReport". armenianreport.com. 11 December 2020.
  99. ^ "Семь вопросов к миру в Карабахе. Кто от этого выиграл и что будет дальше?". BBC News Русская служба. 10 November 2020.

Read other articles:

Defender II (зенитный ракетно-пушечный комплекс)

Для термина «Defender II» см. также другие значения. Defender II Lightweight Air Defense System «Дифендер-2» в готовности к обстрелу целей. Экипаж наблюдает воздушную обстановку (1985) Тип самоходный зенитный ракетно-пушечный комплекс Страна  США История службы Годы эксплуатации на вооружение н...

 

 

DJS the Movie: Biarkan Aku Menari

DJS the Movie: Biarkan Aku MenariSutradara Indrayanto Kurniawan Produser David S. Suwarto Dian Lasvita Ditulis oleh Lintang Pramudya Wardhani I Kadek Jaya Wiguna Skenario Lintang Pramudya Wardhani I Kadek Jaya Wiguna BerdasarkanDari Jendela SMPoleh Mira W.Pemeran Sandrinna Michelle Rey Bong Penata musikWiwiex SoedarnoSinematograferIpung Rachmat SyaifulPenyuntingR.M. BhrePerusahaanproduksiSinemArtTanggal rilis 21 April 2022 (2022-04-21) (Vidio) Durasi104 menitNegara Indonesia Ba...

 

 

Базиліка Преображення Господнього (Фавор)

Базиліка Преображення Господнього 32°41′10″ пн. ш. 35°23′34″ сх. д. / 32.68624000002777308° пн. ш. 35.3928500000277779° сх. д. / 32.68624000002777308; 35.3928500000277779Координати: 32°41′10″ пн. ш. 35°23′34″ сх. д. / 32.68624000002777308° пн. ш. 35.3928500000277779° сх. д. / 32....

Парк Слави (Каховка)

Ця стаття не містить посилань на джерела. Ви можете допомогти поліпшити цю статтю, додавши посилання на надійні (авторитетні) джерела. Матеріал без джерел може бути піддано сумніву та вилучено. (січень 2021) У Вікіпедії є статті про інші значення цього терміна: Парк Слави. П

 

 

Смирнов Адріан Анатолійович

У Вікіпедії є статті про інших людей із прізвищем Смирнов.Адріан Анатолійович Смирноврос. Адриан Анатольевич Смирнов Народився 16 листопада 1908(1908-11-16)НовгородПомер 6 грудня 1992(1992-12-06) (84 роки)КиївПоховання Байкове кладовищеКраїна  СРСРНаціональність росіянинДіяльність

 

 

Schlacht bei Trautenau

Schlacht bei Trautenau Teil von: Deutscher Krieg Die Schlacht bei Trautenau von Hugo Schuellinger, 1896 Datum 27. Juni bis 28. Juni 1866 Ort Trautenau und Soor, Böhmen Ausgang Pyrrhussieg Österreichs Konfliktparteien Preussen Konigreich Preußen Osterreich Kaisertum Österreich Befehlshaber Adolf von Bonin Ludwig Karl Wilhelm von Gablenz Truppenstärke am 27. Juni etwa 15.000 Mann (2. Division) am 27. Juni etwa 25.000 Mann (vier Brigaden) Verluste für 27. Juni1338 Tote und V...

Ketene cycloaddition

Ketene cycloadditions are the reactions of the pi system of ketenes with unsaturated compounds to provide four-membered or larger rings. [2+2], [3+2], and [4+2] variants of the reaction are known.[1] Introduction Ketenes may react with unsaturated compounds to afford four-membered or larger rings. The first example of this phenomenon was observed in 1908,[2] and since then, cycloadditions of ketenes have expanded and gained synthetic utility. Examples exist of [2+2], [3+2], an...

 

 

Instituto de Pós-Graduação e Pesquisa em Administração da Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro

Esta página cita fontes, mas que não cobrem todo o conteúdo. Ajude a inserir referências. Conteúdo não verificável pode ser removido.—Encontre fontes: ABW  • CAPES  • Google (N • L • A) (Outubro de 2010) Esta página ou se(c)ção precisa ser formatada para o padrão wiki. Por favor ajude a formatar esta página de acordo com as diretrizes estabelecidas. (Janeiro de 2012) Instituto de Pós-Graduação ePesquisa em Administ...

 

 

Natsumi Fujita

Japanese volleyball player Natsumi FujitaPersonal informationFull nameNatsumi FujitaNicknameNatsuBorn(1991-08-05)August 5, 1991Tagajo, Miyagi, JapanHeight1.66 m (5 ft 5 in)Weight50 kg (110 lb)Spike270 cm (106 in)Block261 cm (103 in)Volleyball informationPositionSetterCurrent clubToyota Auto Body QueenseisNumber4National team  Japan 2013- Natsumi Fujita (藤田 夏未 Fujita Natsumi, born August 5, 1991) is a Japanese volleyball player who...

Real Hotel Company

Real Hotel in Gdańsk, Poland. The Real Hotel Company was a hotel firm which was founded in 1877 and went into administration in 2009. History The company was founded as the Birmingham Coffee House Company in 1877 and evolved through the early 20th century to become the Arden and Cobden Group, owning three Birmingham properties: the Arden Hotel, Cobden Hotel and Norfolk Hotel.[1] In December 1985 the company was bought by Henry Edwards, an entrepreneur.[1] In 1986, he floated ...

 

 

Minimum wage in Canada

Minimum wage laws in Canada Under the Constitution of Canada, the responsibility for enacting and enforcing labour laws, including the minimum wage, rests primarily with the ten Provinces of Canada. The three Territories of Canada have a similar power, delegated to them by federal legislation. Some provinces allow lower wages to be paid to liquor servers and other gratuity earners or to inexperienced employees. The Government of Canada has the constitutional authority to set minimum wages onl...

 

 

Colin Allred

American politician (born 1983) Colin AllredAllred in 2022Member of the U.S. House of Representativesfrom Texas's 32nd districtIncumbentAssumed office January 3, 2019Preceded byPete Sessions Personal detailsBornColin Zachary Allred (1983-04-15) April 15, 1983 (age 40)Dallas, Texas, U.S.Political partyDemocraticSpouse Alexandra Eber ​(m. 2017)​Children2EducationBaylor University (BA)University of California, Berkeley (JD)WebsiteHouse websiteAme...

Ślężański Park Krajobrazowy

Ślężański Park Krajobrazowy Widok Góry Ślęża park krajobrazowy Państwo  Polska Województwo  dolnośląskie Położenie gminy: Dzierżoniów, Jordanów Śląski, Łagiewniki, Marcinowice, Sobótka, Świdnica Mezoregion Masyw Ślęży Data utworzenia 1988 Powierzchnia 81,90 km² Powierzchnia otuliny 74,50 km² Obszary chronione 3 rezerwaty przyrody Położenie na mapie województwa dolnośląskiegoŚlężański Park Krajobrazowy Położenie na mapie PolskiŚlężański Park ...

 

 

Розов, Самуил Израилевич

В Википедии есть статьи о других людях с фамилией Розов. Самуил Розовשמואל רוזוב Дата рождения 1900 Место рождения Санкт-Петербург, Российская империя Дата смерти 21 декабря 1975(1975-12-21) Место смерти Хайфа Страна  Российская империя Израиль Род деятельности архи...

 

 

Uranus (planète)

Vous lisez un « article de qualité » labellisé en 2020. Pour les articles homonymes, voir Uranus. Uranus Uranus vue par le télescope spatial James-Webb le 6 février 2023. Caractéristiques orbitales Demi-grand axe 2 870 700 000 km(19,189 au) Aphélie 3 006 300 000 km(20,096 au) Périhélie 2 735 000 000 km(18,282 3 au) Circonférence orbitale 18 027 000 000 km(120,502 au) Excent...

Hari Ziyad

Hari ZiyadBornHari-Gaura Ziyad (1992-02-05) February 5, 1992 (age 31)Cleveland, OhioNationalityAmericanOccupationWriterNotable workBlack Boy Out of TimeTelevisionThe NeighborhoodParentKrsnanandini Dasi (mother) Hari Ziyad is a screenwriter and author whose debut book, the bestselling Black Boy Out of Time, is the story of growing up Black and queer in Cleveland, Ohio as one of nineteen children of a Hindu Hare Krishna mother and a Muslim father, and was recognized among the best LGBTQ bo...

 

 

USS Augusta (LCS-34)

Independence-class littoral combat ship of the United States Navy For other ships with the same name, see USS Augusta. USS Augusta being launched at Austal Shipyards. History United States NameAugusta NamesakeAugusta Awarded18 September 2018[3] BuilderAustal USA Laid down30 July 2021[4] Launched23 May 2022 Sponsored byLeigh Ingalls Saufley Christened17 December 2022[6] Acquired12 May 2023[1] Commissioned30 September 2023[2] HomeportNaval Base San Diego ...

 

 

Falanges del pie

Este artículo o sección necesita referencias que aparezcan en una publicación acreditada.Este aviso fue puesto el 25 de marzo de 2011. Huesos de los dedos del pie Falanges del pie.Latín [TA]: os digitorum pedis;[TA]: phalanges digitorum pedisTA A02.5.18.001Sinónimos falanges del pie Enlaces externosGray pág.276[editar datos en Wikidata] Los huesos de los dedos del pie o falanges del pie son huesos largos, en número de tres para cada dedo (excepto el gordo, que tiene sólo dos...

Tirreno-Adriático 1999

Tirreno-Adriático 1999 DetallesCarrera34. Tirreno-AdriáticoCompeticiónCategoría especialFechas10 – 17 de marzo de 1999Distancia total1401 kmPaís ItaliaLugar de inicioSorrentoLugar de llegadaSan Benedetto del TrontoClasificación finalGanador Michele Bartoli (Mapei-Quick Step)Segundo Davide Rebellin (Polti)Tercero Stefano Garzelli (Mercatone Uno-Bianchi) ◀19982000▶Documentación La XXXIV edición del Tirreno-Adriático se disputó entre el 10 y el 17 de marzo de 1999 con u...

 

 

Centro Giovanile Virescit Boccaleone 1981-1982

Questa voce sull'argomento Stagioni delle società calcistiche italiane è solo un abbozzo. Contribuisci a migliorarla secondo le convenzioni di Wikipedia. Segui i suggerimenti del progetto di riferimento. Voce principale: Centro Giovanile Virescit Boccaleone. Centro Giovanile Virescit BoccaleoneStagione 1981-1982Sport calcio SquadraCentro Giovanile Virescit Boccaleone Allenatore Gianpietro Biffi Presidente Alessandro Ghisleni Serie C216º posto nel girone A. Retrocesso in Interregionale...

 

 

Strategi Solo vs Squad di Free Fire: Cara Menang Mudah!