The 1988 Summer Olympics, officially known as the Games of the XXIV Olympiad, were an international multi-sport event held in Seoul, South Korea, from 17 September to 2 October 1988. A total of 8,397 athletes representing 159 National Olympic Committees (NOCs) participated in 237 events in 23 sports across 31 different disciplines.[1][2][3]Table tennis was introduced to the Summer Olympic Games program at these games,[4] while tennis was reintroduced following its removal after the 1924 Summer Olympics in Paris, France.[5]
SwimmerKristin Otto of East Germany won the most gold medals for an individual at the games, with six gold medals.[14] Fellow swimmer Matt Biondi of the United States won the most overall medals, winning seven medals with five golds, one silver, and one bronze, tying Mark Spitz's record of most medals won in a single games.[15]
Medals table
Swimmer Sylvia Poll, the first-ever Olympic medalist for Costa Rica[8]Sailor Peter Holmberg, the first-ever Olympic medalist for the United States Virgin Islands[13]
The medal table is based on information provided by the International Olympic Committee (IOC) and is consistent with IOC conventional sorting in its published medal tables. The table uses the Olympic medal table sorting method. By default, the table is ordered by the number of gold medals the athletes from a nation have won, where a nation is an entity represented by a NOC. The number of silver medals is taken into consideration next, and then the number of bronze medals.[16][17] If teams are still tied, equal ranking is given and they are listed alphabetically by their IOC country code.[18]
Events in boxing resulted in a bronze medal being awarded to each of the two competitors who lost their semi-final matches, as opposed to fighting in a third place tie breaker.[19] Events in judo used a repechage system which also results in two bronze medals being awarded.[20]
Mitko Grablev was disqualified after testing positive for furosemide and became the first doping case of the 1988 Summer Olympics. The medals were then reallocated, with Okzen Mirzoyan of the Soviet Union awarded the gold, He Yingqiang of China the silver, and Liu Shoubin of China the bronze.[24][25]
Angel Genchev was disqualified after testing positive for furosemide, with the gold medal being awarded to Joachim Kunz of East Germany, the silver medal to Israel Militosyan of the Soviet Union, and the bronze medal to Li Jinhe of China. After Grablev and Genchev were stripped of their titles, Bulgarian officials commented that they condemned the usage of drugs in sport.[25][26]
Three days after Ben Johnson won the 100 metres title and set a world record of 9.79 seconds, Park Jong-sei of the IOC's Olympic Doping Control Center saw that Johnson's urine sample tested positive for stanozolol. Johnson was subsequently disqualified with Carl Lewis of the United States awarded the gold and the world record transferred to him, Linford Christie of Great Britain awarded the silver, and Calvin Smith of the United States awarded the bronze.[27][28]
Andor Szanyi, who originally won the silver medal in the men's 100 kg event in weightlifting two days before, tested positive for stanozolol and was disqualified afterwards. The silver was then awarded to Nicu Vlad of Romania and the bronze was awarded to Peter Immesberger of West Germany.[29][30]
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