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104 Klymene
	3D convex shape model of 104 Klymene
Discovery
Discovered by	James Craig Watson
Discovery date	13 September 1868
Designations
MPC designation	(104) Klymene
Pronunciation	/ˈklɪmɪniː/
Alternative designations	A868 RB, 1893 FA; 1951 OE, 1968 OS
Minor planet category	Main belt
Orbital characteristics
	Epoch 31 July 2016 (JD 2457600.5)
	Uncertainty parameter 0
Observation arc	130.58 yr (47693 d)
Aphelion	3.6499 AU (546.02 Gm)
Perihelion	2.65525 AU (397.220 Gm)
Semi-major axis	3.15256 AU (471.616 Gm)
Eccentricity	0.15775
Orbital period (sidereal)	5.60 yr (2044.5 d)
Average orbital speed	16.67 km/s
Mean anomaly	101.498°
Mean motion	0° 10m 33.888s / day
Inclination	2.7905°
Longitude of ascending node	41.698°
Argument of perihelion	32.134°
Earth MOID	1.66901 AU (249.680 Gm)
Jupiter MOID	1.63907 AU (245.201 Gm)
TJupiter	3.186
Physical characteristics
Dimensions	163 km × 103 km (± 3 km × 5 km)
Mean diameter	136.553±1.554 km; 133 km
Mass	(1.835 ± 0.880/0.495)×1018 kg
Mean density	1.633 ± 0.783/0.441 g/cm3
Equatorial surface gravity	0.0263 m/s2
Equatorial escape velocity	0.0599 km/s
Synodic rotation period	8.984 h (0.3743 d)
Geometric albedo	0.052±0.006
Temperature	~157 K
Spectral type	C
Absolute magnitude (H)	8.58

104 Klymene is a large, dark Themistian asteroid that was discovered by J. C. Watson on September 13, 1868, and named after one of the many Clymenes in Greek mythology.^[6] It is orbiting the Sun with a period of 5.60 years and an eccentricity of 0.16. The orbital plane is inclined by 2.8° to the plane of the ecliptic. It is classified as a C-type asteroid, indicating it probably has a carbonaceous composition. The spectra indicates the presence of aqueous-altered minerals on the surface^[7] based upon a sharp feature at a wavelength of 3 μm, and, as of 2015, is the only member of the Themis family found to show this absorption.^[8]

Based upon measurements made using adaptive optics at the W. M. Keck Observatory, this object may have a bi-lobed shape with a length of 163 ± 3 km and width of 103 ± 5 km, for an average dimension of 133 km.^[4] This asteroid is located near the region of the Themis family but itself considered a background asteroid using HCM-analysis.^[9] It is listed as a member of the Hecuba group of asteroids that orbit near the 2:1 mean-motion resonance with Jupiter.^[10]

104 Klymene has been observed to occult 6 stars between 2009 and 2023.

Notes

^ Assuming a diameter of 128.99 ± 3.8 km.

References

^ Noah Webster (1884) A Practical Dictionary of the English Language
^ Bowen, Eliza A. (1893), "Visualizing the Earth's annual motion", Popular Astronomy, 1: 178–179, Bibcode:1893PA......1..178B.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e Yeomans, Donald K., "104 Klymene", JPL Small-Body Database Browser, NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory, retrieved 12 May 2016.
^ ^a ^b ^c Marchis, F.; et al. (November 2006), "Shape, size and multiplicity of main-belt asteroids. I. Keck Adaptive Optics survey", Icarus, vol. 185, no. 1, pp. 39–63, Bibcode:2006Icar..185...39M, doi:10.1016/j.icarus.2006.06.001, PMC 2600456, PMID 19081813.
^ ^a ^b Fienga, A.; Avdellidou, C.; Hanuš, J. (February 2020). "Asteroid masses obtained with INPOP planetary ephemerides". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 492 (1). doi:10.1093/mnras/stz3407.
^ Dictionary of minor planet names, International Astronomical Union. Springer, 2003, p. 25
^ Fornasier, S.; et al. (February 1999), "Spectroscopic comparison of aqueous altered asteroids with CM2 carbonaceous chondrite meteorites", Astronomy and Astrophysics Supplement Series, 135 (1): 65–73, Bibcode:1999A&AS..135...65F, doi:10.1051/aas:1999161.
^ Hargrove, Kelsey D.; et al. (July 2015), "Asteroid (90) Antiope: Another icy member of the Themis family?", Icarus, 254: 150–156, Bibcode:2015Icar..254..150H, doi:10.1016/j.icarus.2015.03.008.
^ Moore, Patrick; Rees, Robin, eds. (2011), "Patrick Moore's Data Book of Astronomy", Patrick Moore's Data Book of Astronomy by Patrick Moore and Robin Rees. Cambridge University Press (2nd ed.), Cambridge University Press: 165, Bibcode:2011pmdb.book.....M, ISBN 9781139495226.
^ McDonald, Sophia Levy (June 1948), "General perturbations and mean elements, with representations of 35 minor planets of the Hecuba group", Astronomical Journal, vol. 53, p. 199, Bibcode:1948AJ.....53..199M, doi:10.1086/106097.

External links

104 Klymene at AstDyS-2, Asteroids—Dynamic Site
- Ephemeris · Observation prediction · Orbital info · Proper elements · Observational info
104 Klymene at the JPL Small-Body Database
- Close approach · Discovery · Ephemeris · Orbit viewer · Orbit parameters · Physical parameters
Media related to 104 Klymene at Wikimedia Commons

[6] Assuming a diameter of 128.99 ± 3.8 km.

[1] Noah Webster (1884) A Practical Dictionary of the English Language

[Bowen1893-2] Bowen, Eliza A. (1893), "Visualizing the Earth's annual motion", Popular Astronomy, 1: 178–179, Bibcode:1893PA......1..178B.

[JPL-3] Yeomans, Donald K., "104 Klymene", JPL Small-Body Database Browser, NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory, retrieved 12 May 2016.

[Marchis2006-4] Marchis, F.; et al. (November 2006), "Shape, size and multiplicity of main-belt asteroids. I. Keck Adaptive Optics survey", Icarus, vol. 185, no. 1, pp. 39–63, Bibcode:2006Icar..185...39M, doi:10.1016/j.icarus.2006.06.001, PMC 2600456, PMID 19081813.

[FiengaEtAl2020-5] Fienga, A.; Avdellidou, C.; Hanuš, J. (February 2020). "Asteroid masses obtained with INPOP planetary ephemerides". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 492 (1). doi:10.1093/mnras/stz3407.

[7] Dictionary of minor planet names, International Astronomical Union. Springer, 2003, p. 25

[Fornasier1999-8] Fornasier, S.; et al. (February 1999), "Spectroscopic comparison of aqueous altered asteroids with CM2 carbonaceous chondrite meteorites", Astronomy and Astrophysics Supplement Series, 135 (1): 65–73, Bibcode:1999A&AS..135...65F, doi:10.1051/aas:1999161.

[Hargrove2015-9] Hargrove, Kelsey D.; et al. (July 2015), "Asteroid (90) Antiope: Another icy member of the Themis family?", Icarus, 254: 150–156, Bibcode:2015Icar..254..150H, doi:10.1016/j.icarus.2015.03.008.

[Moore2011-10] Moore, Patrick; Rees, Robin, eds. (2011), "Patrick Moore's Data Book of Astronomy", Patrick Moore's Data Book of Astronomy by Patrick Moore and Robin Rees. Cambridge University Press (2nd ed.), Cambridge University Press: 165, Bibcode:2011pmdb.book.....M, ISBN 9781139495226.

[McDonald1948-11] McDonald, Sophia Levy (June 1948), "General perturbations and mean elements, with representations of 35 minor planets of the Hecuba group", Astronomical Journal, vol. 53, p. 199, Bibcode:1948AJ.....53..199M, doi:10.1086/106097.

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