Điện Biên province

For the district, see Điện Biên District.
Điện Biên
Province
Relic Battle of Điện Biên Phủ  • View of the mountains on way from Điện Biên Phủ to Sơn La  • Mường Lay skyline  • Field in Điện Biên Phủ City  • A Water stream in Mường Chà  • Phadin Hotel  • The local community center in Mường Chà
Official seal of Điện Biên
Seal
Location of Điên Biên within Vietnam
Location of Điên Biên within Vietnam
Map
Coordinates: 21°23′N 103°1′E / 21.383°N 103.017°E / 21.383; 103.017
Country Vietnam
RegionNorthwest
CapitalĐiện Biên Phủ
Subdivision1 city, 8 rural districts and one town
Government
 • TypeProvince
 • BodyĐiện Biên Provincial People's Council
 • Chairman of People's CouncilLò Văn Sơn
 • Chairman of People's CommitteeLê Thành Đô
Area
[1]
 • Province
9,539.93 km2 (3,683.39 sq mi)
Population
 (2023)[2]
 • Province
646,200
 • Density68/km2 (180/sq mi)
 • Urban
90,300
Ethnic groups
[3]
 • Mông38.12%
 • Thái35.69%
 • Vietnamese[4]17.38%
 • Khơ Mú3.30%
 • Dao1.11%
 • Others4.4%
GDP[5]
 • ProvinceVND 15.750 trillion
US$ 0.684 billion
Time zoneUTC+7 (ICT)
Area codes215
ISO 3166 codeVN-71
HDI (2020)Increase 0.618[6]
(61th)
Websitewww.dienbien.gov.vn

Điện Biên (chữ Hán: 奠邊) is a province in the Northwest region of Vietnam. It is bordered by Lai Châu to the northeast, Sơn La to the southeast, Pu'er City, Yunnan, China, to the northwest, and Phongsaly province in Laos to the west. The province covers an area of about 9,540 km2 (3,683 sq mi)[1] and as of 2022 it had a population of 635,920 people.[7]

History

See also: Sip Song Chau Tai

The name "Điện Biên" means "stable frontier" (referring to Điện Biên's location on the border between Lan Xang and Vietnam).[8] Điện Biên has various ancient monuments including the caves Thẩm Khương, as well as Thẩn Búa in Tuần Giáo. The original settlers were the Ai Lao or Tai people who are a direct ancestor of Lao people in Laos today. The names of some villages and towns still use words of Tai origin, such as Mường (city) and Tham (cave).

In the 9th and 10th centuries, the Lự in Mường Thanh were the most developed in the area and controlled Sìn Hồ, Mường Lay, and Tuần Giáo.

In the 11th and 12th centuries, Tai people (not to be confused with the Thai people of Thailand) from Mường Ôm and Mường Ai occupied Mường Lò in Nghĩa Lộ and Mường Thanh in Điện Biên. They eventually gained control of the whole area between Mường Lò and Mường Thanh (Điện Biên).

Places

Chua ta cave: Located at an altitude of nearly 1,000m above sea level, in a limestone mountain range with a geological tectonic process of millions of years, Tham Khen cave in Muong Dun commune, Tua Chua district has also been recognized by the Ministry of Culture. Sports and Tourism ranked national relics and scenic spots according to decision No. 3086/QD-BVHTTDL dated October 27, 2020. In addition to being unique like other caves, Chua Ta cave also has two typical types of ecosystems: Limestone mountain ecosystem and cave ecosystem. This place converges the diverse properties of nature.[9]

Climate

Điện Biên province has a humid subtropical climate (Köppen Cwa).

Climate data for Điện Biên Phủ, elevation 479 m (1,572 ft)
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Record high °C (°F) 32.4
(90.3) 		35.0
(95.0) 		36.1
(97.0) 		38.5
(101.3) 		38.6
(101.5) 		37.9
(100.2) 		36.0
(96.8) 		36.0
(96.8) 		35.0
(95.0) 		35.5
(95.9) 		34.0
(93.2) 		31.1
(88.0) 		38.6
(101.5)
Mean daily maximum °C (°F) 23.8
(74.8) 		26.2
(79.2) 		29.0
(84.2) 		31.0
(87.8) 		31.7
(89.1) 		31.1
(88.0) 		30.4
(86.7) 		30.4
(86.7) 		30.5
(86.9) 		29.2
(84.6) 		26.7
(80.1) 		23.9
(75.0) 		28.6
(83.5)
Daily mean °C (°F) 16.5
(61.7) 		18.3
(64.9) 		21.0
(69.8) 		23.8
(74.8) 		25.5
(77.9) 		26.3
(79.3) 		25.9
(78.6) 		25.6
(78.1) 		24.9
(76.8) 		22.9
(73.2) 		19.7
(67.5) 		16.5
(61.7) 		22.2
(72.0)
Mean daily minimum °C (°F) 12.5
(54.5) 		13.5
(56.3) 		15.8
(60.4) 		19.3
(66.7) 		21.7
(71.1) 		23.4
(74.1) 		23.3
(73.9) 		23.0
(73.4) 		21.7
(71.1) 		19.4
(66.9) 		15.7
(60.3) 		12.4
(54.3) 		18.5
(65.3)
Record low °C (°F) −1.3
(29.7) 		4.8
(40.6) 		5.3
(41.5) 		11.6
(52.9) 		14.8
(58.6) 		17.4
(63.3) 		18.7
(65.7) 		10.7
(51.3) 		14.2
(57.6) 		7.7
(45.9) 		4.0
(39.2) 		0.4
(32.7) 		−1.3
(29.7)
Average precipitation mm (inches) 26.0
(1.02) 		30.3
(1.19) 		64.1
(2.52) 		133.8
(5.27) 		222.9
(8.78) 		305.3
(12.02) 		359.6
(14.16) 		324.8
(12.79) 		168.6
(6.64) 		71.7
(2.82) 		44.1
(1.74) 		26.0
(1.02) 		1,784.3
(70.25)
Average rainy days 5.7 5.4 7.5 13.7 17.9 22.0 24.4 22.3 15.6 10.1 6.8 4.6 155.9
Average relative humidity (%) 82.4 80.2 80.2 81.7 82.2 83.9 86.4 87.5 86.3 84.2 83.1 83.1 83.4
Mean monthly sunshine hours 159.8 177.3 198.4 202.0 202.3 141.3 132.7 148.6 168.4 170.5 160.5 160.0 2,025.4
Source: Vietnam Institute for Building Science and Technology[10]
Climate data for Pha Din, elevation 1,347 m (4,419 ft)
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Record high °C (°F) 29.3
(84.7) 		31.8
(89.2) 		36.0
(96.8) 		36.5
(97.7) 		36.6
(97.9) 		35.5
(95.9) 		36.0
(96.8) 		33.8
(92.8) 		32.6
(90.7) 		31.4
(88.5) 		31.2
(88.2) 		29.1
(84.4) 		36.6
(97.9)
Mean daily maximum °C (°F) 17.2
(63.0) 		19.6
(67.3) 		22.7
(72.9) 		25.0
(77.0) 		25.2
(77.4) 		24.6
(76.3) 		24.2
(75.6) 		24.5
(76.1) 		24.2
(75.6) 		22.4
(72.3) 		19.7
(67.5) 		17.1
(62.8) 		22.2
(72.0)
Daily mean °C (°F) 12.5
(54.5) 		14.5
(58.1) 		17.7
(63.9) 		20.0
(68.0) 		20.7
(69.3) 		20.8
(69.4) 		20.6
(69.1) 		20.6
(69.1) 		20.0
(68.0) 		18.1
(64.6) 		15.2
(59.4) 		12.4
(54.3) 		17.7
(63.9)
Mean daily minimum °C (°F) 9.8
(49.6) 		11.3
(52.3) 		14.3
(57.7) 		16.6
(61.9) 		17.9
(64.2) 		18.7
(65.7) 		18.7
(65.7) 		18.6
(65.5) 		17.7
(63.9) 		15.8
(60.4) 		12.7
(54.9) 		10.0
(50.0) 		15.2
(59.4)
Record low °C (°F) −0.4
(31.3) 		0.1
(32.2) 		−0.1
(31.8) 		5.9
(42.6) 		11.0
(51.8) 		13.1
(55.6) 		14.0
(57.2) 		15.0
(59.0) 		10.9
(51.6) 		8.3
(46.9) 		4.2
(39.6) 		−1.2
(29.8) 		−1.2
(29.8)
Average rainfall mm (inches) 26.0
(1.02) 		30.3
(1.19) 		64.1
(2.52) 		133.8
(5.27) 		222.9
(8.78) 		305.3
(12.02) 		359.6
(14.16) 		324.8
(12.79) 		168.6
(6.64) 		71.7
(2.82) 		44.1
(1.74) 		26.0
(1.02) 		1,784.3
(70.25)
Average rainy days 5.7 5.4 7.5 13.7 17.9 22.0 24.4 22.3 15.6 10.1 6.8 4.6 155.9
Average relative humidity (%) 81.4 75.8 71.1 75.5 83.0 89.7 91.4 90.5 86.9 86.0 83.9 81.9 83.2
Mean monthly sunshine hours 179.7 172.6 205.9 213.4 192.5 119.7 125.6 140.5 162.4 164.9 162.7 180.9 2,019.9
Source: Vietnam Institute for Building Science and Technology[11]

Administrative divisions

Điện Biên is subdivided into 10 district-level sub-divisions:

Second Tier
subdivisions 		Area
(km²) 		Third Tier subdivisions
Ward Township Commune
Điện Biên Phủ city 64.27 7 2
Mường Lay town 114.03 2 1
Điện Biên District 1639.85 25
Điện Biên Đông District 1206.39 1 13
Mường Ảng District 443.52 1 9
Mường Chà District 1199.42 1 11
Mường Nhé District 1573.73 11
Nậm Pồ District 1498.00 15
Tủa Chùa District 679.41 1 11
Tuần Giáo District 1136.29 1 18

They are further subdivided into five commune-level towns (or townlets), 116 rural communes, and nine wards.

Places in Điện Biên

References

  1. ^ a b Biểu số 4.1: Hiện trạng sử dụng đất vùng Trung du và miền núi phía Bắc năm 2023 [Table 4.1: Current land use status in the Northern Midlands and Mountains in 2023] (PDF) (Decision 3048/QĐ-BTNMT) (in Vietnamese). Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment (Vietnam). 18 October 2023. – the data in the report are in hectares, rounded to integers
  2. ^ "Area, population and population density by province". General Statistics Office of Vietnam. Retrieved 12 April 2024. – Interactive table which you can view by making your selection in three boxes: (1) Cities, provinces: Select all; (2) Year: Select 2023; (3) Items: Select all.
  3. ^ General Statistics Office of Vietnam (2019). "Completed Results of the 2019 Viet Nam Population and Housing Census" (PDF). Statistical Publishing House (Vietnam). ISBN 978-604-75-1532-5.
  4. ^ Also called Kinh people
  5. ^ "Tình hình kinh tế, xã hội Điện Biên năm 2018". UBND tỉnh Điện Biên. Retrieved 10 May 2020.
  6. ^ "Human Development Index by province(*) by Cities, provincies and Year". General Statistics Office of Vietnam. Retrieved September 28, 2024.
  7. ^ "Area, population and population density by province". General Statistics Office of Vietnam. Retrieved 12 April 2024. – Interactive table which you can view by making your selection in three boxes: (1) Cities, provinces: Select all; (2) Year: Select 2022; (3) Items: Select all.
  8. ^ "Điện Biên, hành trình trở về cội nguồn" (in Vietnamese).
  9. ^ "CHU HRENG MOUNTAIN – AN ATTRACTIVE DESTINATION FOR KON TUM YOUTH". Kontumtourism. 2021.
  10. ^ "Vietnam Institute for Building Science and Technology" (PDF).
  11. ^ "Vietnam Institute for Building Science and Technology" (PDF). Retrieved 16 August 2023.
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