Đồng Hới

Đồng Hới
Thành phố Đồng Hới
City (Class-2)
Đồng Hới City
Aerial view of the city.
Aerial view of the city.
Nickname: 
City of Roses
Map
Đồng Hới is located in Vietnam
Đồng Hới
Đồng Hới
Location in Vietnam
Coordinates: 17°28′59″N 106°35′59″E / 17.48306°N 106.59972°E / 17.48306; 106.59972
Country Vietnam
ProvinceQuảng Bình
Government
 • TypeCity municipality
Area
 • City (Class-2)155.71 km2 (60.12 sq mi)
Population
 (2019 census)
 • City (Class-2)133,672
 • Density860/km2 (2,200/sq mi)
 • Urban
91,601 (69%)
Time zoneUTC+7 (Vietnam)
AirportĐồng Hới Airport (domestic)
ClimateAm
Website[1]
Fishing boats in Đồng Hới.

Đồng Hới (listenⓘ) is the capital city of Quảng Bình Province in the north central coast of Vietnam. The city's area is 155.71 km2 (60.12 sq mi). Population as per the 2019 census was 133,672.[1][2] It is served by National Highway 1A, the Đồng Hới Railway Station, and airport. By road, Đồng Hới is 486 kilometres (302 mi) south of Hanoi, 195 kilometres (121 mi) south of Vinh, 160 kilometres (99 mi) north of Huế and 1,204 kilometres (748 mi) north of Hồ Chí Minh City.[3] It borders Quảng Ninh District on the west and south, the South China Sea on the east, Bố Trạch District on the north.[4][5]

Đồng Hới has a 12-km-long coastline with white sand beaches.[6] It is the closest city to Phong Nha-Kẻ Bàng National Park, UNESCO's World Natural Heritage Site, 50 km north.

History

Archaeological excavation in this area proved that humans lived in what is now Quảng Bình province in the Stone Age. Many artifacts, such as ceramic vases, stone tools, and china, have been unearthed in Quảng Bình.[5][7]

In 1926, French archaeologist Madeleine Colani discovered and excavated many artifacts in caves and grottoes in west mountainous areas of Quảng Bình. She concluded that the Hòa Bình culture existed in this region. Through C14 testing, the artifacts dated back to 10,509 (plus or minus 950) years ago. From Quy Đạt township (Tuyên Hóa District) to south-west about 150 m, the Hum grotto contains many stone tools and animal stones from an ancient human community. Inside Khai grotto near the Quy Đạt township, similar artifacts were found, including ceramics from Đông Sơn culture. Additionally, artifacts of the Stone Age were unearthed in grottoes in the Quảng Bình region. Owners of these artifacts lived in the caves and grottoes and hunted for their food.[5]

Human settlement in Đồng Hới can be traced 5,000 years back. Many relics and remnants have been found in Bau Tro, a lake in the city, most of which date to the Stone Age. Around 2880 BC, the site of modern Đồng Hới was a territory of the Viet Thuong tribe of Văn Lang during the reign of king Hùng Vương. The site was a long-disputed territory between the Champa kingdom and Đại Việt. It officially became Đại Việt territory in 1069 after Lý Thường Kiệt took victory over Champa as a result of the Đại Việt-Champa War (1069).

The area ceased to be the southernmost of Đại Việt following the political marriage of the Trần dynasty princess, Huyền Trân, to Champa king, Jaya Sinhavarman III (Vietnamese: Chế Mân). Princess Huyền Trân was king Trần Nhân Tông's daughter and king Trần Anh Tông's younger sister. Political matches made to acquire land was a traditional practice by Champa kings. Thanks to this marriage, Đại Việt acquired lands (as dowry) of what is now Quảng Trị Province and Thừa Thiên–Huế Province (provinces which were then known respectively as Chau O and Chau Ri or Chau Ly).[8][9]

During the time of the Trịnh–Nguyễn War (1558–1775), Vietnam was divided into two countries: Dang Trong (South) and Dang Ngoai (North) with the Gianh River as frontier line. Đồng Hới was an important fortress of the southern Nguyễn lords. The Đồng Hới Wall (Vietnamese: Thành Đồng Hới) was considered the barrier that protected the Nguyễn lords from the attack by the northern Trịnh family.

During the First Indochina War (between the French and the Viet Minh in the 1950s), the Đồng Hới airbase was used by the French to attack the Viet Minh in north-central Vietnam and the Laotian Pathet Lao army in central and southern Laos. During the Vietnam War, Đồng Hới was heavily devastated by bombardments from United States B-52 bombers due to its location near the 17th parallel and the DMZ between North Vietnam and South Vietnam.[10][11]

On February 11, 1965, bombing destroyed much of the city. The Tam Tòa Church, a Catholic cathedral, was severely damaged. Today the bell tower remains near the town center as a monument.

Ruins of Tam Tòa Church.

On 19 April 1972, during a major North Vietnam offensive, a task force of four US ships were sailing off the coast of Vietnam — USS Oklahoma City, USS Sterett, USS Lloyd Thomas and USS Higbee. They were attacked by three North Vietnamese MiG aircraft in the Battle of Đồng Hới. In an attempt to surprise the task force, the MiGs came in low, described as "getting their feet wet." Despite the official stories, they did not surprise the task force, which had spotted them long before engagement range and were ready to shoot. Two ships, Oklahoma City and Sterett, had anti-aircraft missiles, while Higbee and Lloyd Thomas were armed with dual purpose 5-inch (127 mm) guns. All ships were at battle stations.

This city is the narrowest land of Vietnam (around 40 km from the east to the west). After the fall of Saigon on 30 April 1975, Quảng Bình province was merged into Bình Trị Thiên province (Bình Trị Thiên is the abbreviation of Quảng Bình, Quảng Trị, and Thừa Thiên provinces). In 1990, Bình Trị Thiên was once again separated into three provinces as it had been before. Đồng Hới then became the capital of Quảng Bình province.

Geography

Location

Đồng Hới seen from the air

Đồng Hới is on the National Route 1, North–South Railway, and Ho Chi Minh Highway, at the coordinates 17 21' N and 106 10’ E. This city is in the heart of Quảng Bình Province. It borders Bố Trạch on the north, Quảng Ninh on the south, the South China Sea on the east and Quảng Ninh on the west. It is 50 km south of Phong Nha-Kẻ Bàng National Park, 50 km north of Bang Spa, 180 km south-east of Cha Lo border gate with Laos. It has a coastline of 12 km. Nhật Lệ River is the only river that runs through the city. Tro Lake is the source of fresh water. The Nhật Lệ Beach is endowed with fine and white sand.[4]

Transportation

There are many ways to get to Dong Hoi from Hue, such as local bus at Hue North Bus Station. There are taxis from city center bus station (6 km). The bus fare is around $8. It takes 3.5 hours to drive to Dong Hoi/Quang Binh Town.

Climate

Like all provinces in north and north central Vietnam, there are four distinct seasons in Đồng Hới. Despite these distinct seasons, and an annual temperature range of 10.8 °C or 19.4 °F, Đồng Hới still has a tropical monsoon climate (Köppen Am) as the mean temperature of the coolest month is 18.8 °C or 65.8 °F. The average annual temperature is 24.7 °C or 76.5 °F, average rainfall varies from 1,300 to 4,000 millimetres or 50 to 160 inches, total sunshine hours per year is 1,783 hours, and average annual humidity is around 82%. The city sees three types of wind: south-east (gió nồm), south-west (gió Lào), and north-east.

In the “spring”, Đồng Hới is very warm, humid and foggy. Although the city is by the sea, its climate is subject to drought and heat in the summer. This is largely due to the dry south-west wind from Gulf of Thailand. This flow of wind is wet but when it passes onto Vietnam, the Annamite Range releases its moisture to cause rains in Laos but drought in central Vietnam. It is rainy in the northeast monsoon (“fall”) and the weather is very warm (26 to 31 °C or 78.8 to 87.8 °F) although with extremely high relative humidity due to the moist air from the northeast monsoon. In the winter, due to the north-east wind blowing from the Siberia mainland, the temperature may go down below 18 °C or 64.4 °F, and there may be slight rain. The highest rainfall occurs in October (649 millimetres or 25.6 inches), compared to just 39 millimetres or 1.5 inches in Februarys. The highest temperature recorded was 43.2 °C on 30 April 2024, while the lowest was 6.7 °C on 24 January 2016.

Climate data for Đồng Hới
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Record high °C (°F) 34.7
(94.5) 		37.2
(99.0) 		39.8
(103.6) 		43.2
(109.8) 		42.2
(108.0) 		41.8
(107.2) 		40.9
(105.6) 		41.5
(106.7) 		40.9
(105.6) 		37.4
(99.3) 		35.0
(95.0) 		29.8
(85.6) 		43.2
(109.8)
Mean daily maximum °C (°F) 21.7
(71.1) 		22.3
(72.1) 		24.9
(76.8) 		28.8
(83.8) 		32.4
(90.3) 		34.0
(93.2) 		33.9
(93.0) 		33.1
(91.6) 		30.9
(87.6) 		28.2
(82.8) 		25.5
(77.9) 		22.6
(72.7) 		28.2
(82.8)
Daily mean °C (°F) 18.8
(65.8) 		19.5
(67.1) 		21.7
(71.1) 		24.9
(76.8) 		28.1
(82.6) 		29.8
(85.6) 		29.8
(85.6) 		29.0
(84.2) 		27.1
(80.8) 		25.1
(77.2) 		22.6
(72.7) 		19.8
(67.6) 		24.7
(76.5)
Mean daily minimum °C (°F) 16.7
(62.1) 		17.6
(63.7) 		19.7
(67.5) 		22.4
(72.3) 		25.0
(77.0) 		26.8
(80.2) 		26.7
(80.1) 		26.0
(78.8) 		24.3
(75.7) 		22.5
(72.5) 		20.3
(68.5) 		17.6
(63.7) 		21.1
(70.0)
Record low °C (°F) 6.7
(44.1) 		8.0
(46.4) 		8.0
(46.4) 		11.7
(53.1) 		15.1
(59.2) 		19.2
(66.6) 		20.5
(68.9) 		19.9
(67.8) 		17.8
(64.0) 		14.6
(58.3) 		12.0
(53.6) 		7.8
(46.0) 		6.7
(44.1)
Average rainfall mm (inches) 59.4
(2.34) 		39.9
(1.57) 		43.2
(1.70) 		60.8
(2.39) 		115.6
(4.55) 		78.9
(3.11) 		75.5
(2.97) 		166.1
(6.54) 		472.5
(18.60) 		649.1
(25.56) 		318.7
(12.55) 		125.1
(4.93) 		2,189.7
(86.21)
Average rainy days 11.8 11.2 11.3 9.2 10.1 7.3 7.2 11.0 15.8 19.3 17.4 14.2 145.2
Average relative humidity (%) 87.5 89.4 89.0 86.7 79.5 72.2 70.6 75.3 83.5 86.0 85.3 85.4 82.5
Mean monthly sunshine hours 89.9 74.5 106.3 159.1 232.8 224.3 234.6 198.1 168.1 129.2 95.6 73.3 1,783.9
Source 1: Vietnam Institute for Building Science and Technology[12]
Source 2: The Yearbook of Indochina[13]

Topography and geology

The city has diverse topographical and geological features, including hill, mountainous, half mountainous, coastal plains and coastal sand dunes.

The hilly region is in the west, stretching from north to south (in parts of communes: Dong Son, Thuan Duc) with an average elevation of 12–15 m, with total area of 64.93 km2, 41.7% of the city total area. Residents here live on agriculture, forestry, farming. The soil in this area is poor in nutrition, infertile and subject to continuous erosion due to its slope of 7-10%.

The half hilly region surrounds a plain with an average elevation of 10 m from north-east - north to north-west – south-west and south – south-east.[clarification needed] This region covers commues and wards of Bắc Lý, Nam Lý, Nghĩa Ninh, Bắc Nghĩa, Đức Ninh, Đức Ninh Đông, Lộc Ninh and Phú Hải with total area of 62.87 km2, or accounts for 40.2% of the city total area. Residents here lives on industrial, handcraft, trading and a small percentage lives on farming. This region is not very fertile, subject to alum. However, thanks to the heavy distribution of rivers and lakes, ponds and pools, it's better for agriculture than the hilly region. The plain with the average of 2.1 m, with little slope, accounting for 0.2% of the city area (5.76 km2). Most of the city's commercial, administrative and main streets concentrate in this narrow regions. Coastal sand dune area is on the east of the city, with an area of 21.98 km2, making up 14,3% of the total area.[citation needed]

Administration

Đồng Hới is subdivided into 16 subdivisions: 10 urban wards (phường) and 6 rural communes (xã).[2]

No. Name Population 2009 Area (km2)
Inner wards (Ward):
1. Bắc Lý 18,158 10.19
2. Bắc Nghĩa 6,981 7.76
3. Đồng Mỹ 2,757 0.58
4. Đồng Phú 8,646 3.81
5. Đồng Sơn 9,127 19.65
6. Đức Ninh Đông 5,031 3.13
7. Hải Đình 3,878 8.822
8. Hải Thành 4,774 2.45
9. Nam Lý 16,412 3.9
10. Phú Hải 3,581 3.06
Total inner wards 10 Ward 71,620 55.47
Suburban communes (Commune):
11. Bảo Ninh 8,906 16.3
12. Đức Ninh 7,526 5.21
13. Lộc Ninh 8,647 13.4
14. Nghĩa Ninh 4,642 16.22
15. Quang Phú 3,178 3.23
16. Thuận Đức 3,788 45.28
Total suburban communes 6 Commune 36,906 100.24
10 phường, 6 Commune 108,526 155.71

Tourism

Nhật Lệ River
Nhật Lệ River
Bảo Ninh Beach
Bảo Ninh Beach

Đồng Hới is endowed with beautiful beaches with fine sand and clean water of Nhật Lệ. The Da Nhay and Ly Hoa beaches (60 km north of the city) are popular tourist destinations. The Bang Spa (hot mineral spring) is ideal for those who enjoy spa baths. The city is 50 km south of the World Heritage Phong Nha-Kẻ Bàng National Park which is ideal for cave and grotto exploration and biological research activities (mainly Phong Nha Cave and, from September 2010, Thiên Đường Cave and Sơn Đoòng Cave are available for visitors).

Đồng Hới is included in former battlefield tours where travelers can visit once-dangerous fields along the Annamite Range and the Hồ Chí Minh trail.[14]

Đồng Hới is accessible by road (National Route 1 (Vietnam) - Asian Highway 1, Hồ Chí Minh Highway), by rail at Đồng Hới Railway Station on the Hà Nội–Hồ Chí Minh City Railway, or by air from Hà Nội or Hồ Chí Minh City at Đồng Hới Airport.

Đồng Hới Airport

Đồng Hới Airport was put into use on 18 May 2008,[15] and the first commercial flight was from Hanoi's Noi Bai International Airport, followed by air link with Ho Chi Minh City's Tân Sơn Nhất International Airport from 1 July 2009.[16]

The city provides tourists with 98 hotels and guest-houses from 1 to 3-star hotels like Cosevco Hotel (which is closed and not available for booking), Saigon-Quảng Bình Hotel, Nam Long Hotel and Nam Long Plus Hotel (all available for online booking through several sites) and the 4-star resort of Sun Spa Resort. The cuisine includes seafood, the traditional "hot pot", Vietnamese and European-style meals. In 2005, the city welcomed nearly 300,000 visitors.[citation needed] Flagstick broke ground on another new project on February 1 – FLC Dong Hoi Golf Links in Quang Binh Province.

A complex of 10 contiguous golf courses, three clubhouses, more than 1,000 villas, a large resort hotel, commercial village and convention centre is under construction in seaside area of Dong Hoi and Quang Ninh District, Le Thuy District, which is scheduled to achieve the completion of all construction of the first phase by November 2016, with spring 2017 set as the opening date for play.[17]

Economy

The Hòn La bay is 4-km2, with the depth up to 15 m, suitable to develop into a deep-water sea port. A port is currently (as of 2006) under construction north of Đồng Hới. When finished it will be able to accommodate ships up to 50,000 metric tons, on a 32ha of land, has a loading capacity of 10-12 million tonnes per year and is expected to facilitate business for Quảng Bình's industrial and economic zones.[18][19]

Two industrial parks (north-west Đồng Hới Industrial Park and Hòn La Industrial Park) are under construction and partially available to investors. The city achieved an average economic growth rate of 12.32% during 2010–2013 period. The economic contributors for 2013 were as follows: industry and construction accounting for 35.5%, services 50.9%, agriculture-forestry-fishery 13.6%. GDP per capita in 2015 was $3871,3.[20]

Education

Đồng Hới is home to Quảng Bình University, a multidisciplinary university. There are several schools here, notably Võ Nguyên Giáp Gifted High School,Phan Đình Phùng High School, Đồng Hới High School and Đào Duy Từ High School.

See also

References

  1. ^ "Đồng Hới (District-level City, Quảng Bình, Vietnam) - Population Statistics, Charts, Map and Location". www.citypopulation.de. Retrieved 2024-02-07.
  2. ^ a b "Official website". Archived from the original on 2012-03-31. Retrieved 2011-08-31.
  3. ^ "Du lịch đường bộ". Archived from the original on 2011-07-14. Retrieved 2011-07-29.
  4. ^ a b "Quang Binh". Archived from the original on 2010-08-10. Retrieved 2008-03-06.
  5. ^ a b c Quảng Bình, Nuoc non huyen dieu, Van Nghe Publishing House, 2000, pp. 14-17.
  6. ^ "Trang thông tin du lịch tổng hợp - Du Lịch Việt Nam". dulichvietnam.com.vn. Retrieved Sep 1, 2022.
  7. ^ "Evidence for Culture Development in Vietnam during the Middle Holocene". Archived from the original on 2008-07-24. Retrieved 2008-03-05.
  8. ^ "Trần Dynasty". Archived from the original on 2008-03-03. Retrieved 2008-03-06.
  9. ^ "Kingdom of Champa". ancientworld. Archived from the original on 2011-05-11. Retrieved 2008-03-06.
  10. ^ U. S. Hits Dong Hoi Again, Russ Say
  11. ^ "B‐52's Raid Supply Routes South of the 20th Parallel". Jan 8, 1973. Retrieved Sep 1, 2022 – via NYTimes.com.
  12. ^ "QCVN 02:2022/BXD Quy chuẩn kỹ thuật quốc gia về Số liệu điều kiện tự nhiên dùng trong xây dựng" (in Vietnamese).
  13. ^ Archived copy Archived 10 May 2021 at the Wayback Machine
  14. ^ "nkf-mt.org.uk". www.nkf-mt.org.uk. Retrieved Sep 1, 2022.
  15. ^ "Construction begins on new Quang Binh airport". Vietnam News. 1 September 2004. Retrieved 27 February 2008.
  16. ^ "Flag carrier to launch HCMC – Đồng Hới route in early July". Communist Party of Vietnam. 15 June 2009. Archived from the original on 29 September 2011. Retrieved 24 June 2009.
  17. ^ "Flagstick to the Fore as Golf Takes Off in Vietnam". golfbusinessnews.com. 2016-02-12. Retrieved 2016-06-15.
  18. ^ "Hon La Port to be linked with mainland (Shipping News in brief)". Ecnext. 2003-06-09. Retrieved 2008-03-06.
  19. ^ "President Triet tours provinces". Vietnamnews. 2008-01-28. Retrieved 2008-03-06.
  20. ^ "Đề nghị công nhân thành phố Đồng Hới là đô thị loại II | Thời sự". 23 July 2014.

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