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Överkalix
Överkalix
	Överkalix
	Överkalix Överkalix
	Coordinates: 66°21′N 22°53′E / 66.350°N 22.883°E
Country	Sweden
Province	Norrbotten
County	Norrbotten County
Municipality	Överkalix Municipality
Area
• Total	1.06 km2 (0.41 sq mi)
Population (31 December 2010)
• Total	975
• Density	919/km2 (2,380/sq mi)
Time zone	UTC+1 (CET)
• Summer (DST)	UTC+2 (CEST)

Överkalix (Swedish: [ˈø̂ːvɛrˌkɑːlɪks]; Finnish: Ylikainuu) is a locality and the seat of Överkalix Municipality in Norrbotten County, Sweden with 975 inhabitants in 2010.^[1]

Climate

Överkalix has a subarctic climate with significant temperature differences between the warm short summers and the long and cold winters. Its inland position close to sea level ensures Överkalix is more prone to heatwaves than other areas of Norrbotten. Its July temperatures are also due to the perpetual daylight due to its position just below the Arctic Circle. This results in July days being warmer on average than other European cities as far south as Manchester and Dublin in the British Isles. However, temperatures fall quickly once daylight diminishes, but winters are still less severe than other parts of the world at similar parallels due to mild North Atlantic air somewhat tempering cold extremes. The climate is quite dry for Scandinavia, with average annual precipitation being at 450 millimetres (18 in).^[2]

Climate data for Överkalix 2002-2016; precipitation 1961-1990; extremes since 1962
Month	Jan	Feb	Mar	Apr	May	Jun	Jul	Aug	Sep	Oct	Nov	Dec	Year
Record high °C (°F)	9.8 (49.6)	9.5 (49.1)	11.8 (53.2)	17.7 (63.9)	30.6 (87.1)	33.8 (92.8)	32.7 (90.9)	29.0 (84.2)	22.8 (73.0)	16.0 (60.8)	12.5 (54.5)	8.2 (46.8)	33.8 (92.8)
Mean daily maximum °C (°F)	−7.5 (18.5)	−6.1 (21.0)	−0.1 (31.8)	5.9 (42.6)	13.5 (56.3)	18.3 (64.9)	21.7 (71.1)	19.2 (66.6)	13.2 (55.8)	4.6 (40.3)	−1.6 (29.1)	−4.4 (24.1)	6.3 (43.3)
Daily mean °C (°F)	−11.9 (10.6)	−10.6 (12.9)	−5.2 (22.6)	1.2 (34.2)	7.7 (45.9)	12.9 (55.2)	16.3 (61.3)	14.0 (57.2)	8.7 (47.7)	1.3 (34.3)	−4.8 (23.4)	−8.5 (16.7)	1.7 (35.1)
Mean daily minimum °C (°F)	−16.3 (2.7)	−15.1 (4.8)	−10.3 (13.5)	−3.5 (25.7)	2.0 (35.6)	7.6 (45.7)	10.8 (51.4)	8.8 (47.8)	4.3 (39.7)	−1.9 (28.6)	−8.0 (17.6)	−12.6 (9.3)	−2.8 (27.0)
Record low °C (°F)	−46.0 (−50.8)	−40.3 (−40.5)	−37.9 (−36.2)	−23.6 (−10.5)	−9.7 (14.5)	−5.2 (22.6)	1.3 (34.3)	−2.2 (28.0)	−12.3 (9.9)	−23.3 (−9.9)	−34.4 (−29.9)	−38.7 (−37.7)	−46.0 (−50.8)
Average precipitation mm (inches)	31.3 (1.23)	25.5 (1.00)	26.1 (1.03)	24.3 (0.96)	27.4 (1.08)	35.3 (1.39)	50.6 (1.99)	56.4 (2.22)	49.3 (1.94)	45.7 (1.80)	44.1 (1.74)	33.9 (1.33)	450.0 (17.72)
Source 1: SMHI precipitation average 1961-1990^[3]
Source 2: SMHI climate data 2002-2015^[4]

Överkalix Study

The Överkalix study (Swedish: Överkalixstudien) was a study conducted on the physiological effects of various environmental factors on transgenerational epigenetic inheritance. The study was conducted utilizing historical records, including harvests and food prices, in Överkalix, a small isolated municipality in northeast Sweden. The study was of 303 probands, 164 men and 139 women, born in 1890, 1905, or 1920, and their 1,818 children and grandchildren. 44 were still alive in 1995 when mortality follow-up stopped. Mortality risk ratios (RR) on children and grandchildren were determined based on available food supply, as indicated by historical data.