Φυσική κοσμολογία

Η φυσική κοσμολογία, ως κλάδος της αστρονομίας, είναι η μελέτη της μεγαλύτερης κλίμακας κατασκευών και δυναμικής του σύμπαντος και αφορά τις θεμελιώδεις ερωτήσεις για τον σχηματισμό και την εξέλιξή του.[1] Για το μεγαλύτερο μέρος της ανθρώπινης ιστορίας, ήταν ένας κλάδος της μεταφυσικής και της θρησκείας. Η κοσμολογία ως επιστήμη ξεκίνησε με την Αρχή του Κοπέρνικου, που υπονοεί ότι τα ουράνια σώματα υπακούν στους ίδιους φυσικούς νόμους με αυτούς πάνω στη Γη, και τη Νευτώνεια Μηχανική, η οποία πρώτη μας επέτρεψε να κατανοήσουμε αυτούς τους νόμους.

Η φυσική κοσμολογία, όπως τώρα κατανοείται, ξεκίνησε τον 20ό αιώνα με την ανάπτυξη της Γενικής Θεωρίας της Σχετικότητας του Άλμπερτ Αϊνστάιν, και καλύτερες αστρονομικές παρατηρήσεις εξαιρετικά μακρινών αντικειμένων. Αυτές οι πρόοδοι έκαναν δυνατή την υπόθεση για την προέλευση του Σύμπαντος, και επέτρεψαν στους επιστήμονες να καθιερώσουν τη Θεωρία της Μεγάλης Έκρηξης (Big Bang) σαν το κυρίαρχο κοσμολογικό μοντέλο. Μερικοί ερευνητές ακόμα υποστηρίζουν και ορισμένες εναλλακτικές κοσμολογίες[2], όμως γενικά οι κοσμολόγοι συμφωνούν ότι η Θεωρία της Μεγάλης Έκρηξης εξηγεί καλύτερα τις παρατηρήσεις.

Η κοσμολογία χρησιμοποιεί πολλές διαφορετικές περιοχές έρευνας στη θεωρητική και εφαρμοσμένη φυσική. Περιοχές σχετικές με την κοσμολογία συμπεριλαμβάνουν πειράματα και θεωρία σωματιδιακής φυσικής, μαζί με αστροφυσική, Γενική Σχετικότητα, Κβαντομηχανική, και Πλασματική φυσική. Συνεπώς, ή κοσμολογία ενώνει τους φυσικούς νόμους των μεγαλύτερων κατασκευών στο Σύμπαν με τους φυσικούς νόμους των μικρότερων κατασκευών.

Παραπομπές

  1. ↑ For an overview, see George FR Ellis (2006). «Issues in the Philosophy of Cosmology». Στο: Jeremy Butterfield & John Earman, επιμ. Philosophy of Physics (Handbook of the Philosophy of Science) 3 volume set. North Holland. σελίδες 1183ff. arXiv:astro-ph/0602280 Ελεύθερα προσβάσιμο. ISBN 0-444-51560-7. 
  2. ↑ J. V. Narlikar, Introduction to Cosmology, Jones and Bartlett Publishers, Inc., Boston, MA, 1983.

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