Αναισθησιολογία

Η αναισθησιολογία είναι ο κλάδος της ιατρικής που αποσκοπεί στην ανακούφιση από τον πόνο κατά τη διάρκεια μιας χειρουργικής επεμβάσεως ή μετά από αυτή. Ο ειδικευμένος στην αναισθησιολογία επιστήμονας ονομάζεται αναισθησιολόγος. Επίσης, όλο και συχνότερα τις τελευταίες δεκαετίες οι αναισθησιολόγοι αναλαμβάνουν την ανακούφιση από μη χειρουργικούς πόνους και τη διαχείριση ανακουφιστικής φροντίδας. Στην Ελλάδα και στις περισσότερες άλλες ευρωπαϊκές χώρες η αναισθησιολογία αποτελεί ειδικότητα της ιατρικής, η οποία αποκτάται μόνο από πτυχιούχους ιατρούς.

Ο σκοπός της αναισθησιολογίας επιτυγχάνεται με την επαγωγή στον οργανισμό της καταστάσης που είναι γνωστή ως αναισθησία ή νάρκωση, με τη χρήση κατάλληλων χημικών ουσιών. Η αναισθησία διακρίνεται σε γενική και τοπική. Με τη γενική αναισθησία, η αναισθησιολογία προσπαθεί να μιμηθεί κατά το δυνατό τον φυσικό ύπνο, δηλαδή εκτός από την απώλεια της αισθήσεως του πόνου να επάγει απώλεια συνείδησης και μυική χάλαση. Συνεκδοχικά, στα καθήκοντα του αναισθησιολόγου περιλαμβάνεται ο συνεχής έλεγχος της οξυγονώσεως του αίματος του χειρουργούμενου.

Ως σχετικοί με την αναισθησιολογία προβάλλουν οι σύγχρονοι κλάδοι της εντατικολογίας και της ιατρικής επειγόντων περιστατικών και ανανήψεως, ενώ βασική σχετική επιστήμη είναι η φαρμακολογία.


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