Testery

Die Testery war eine von Ralph Tester geleitete und nach ihm benannte Abteilung im englischen Bletchley Park (B.P.),[1] also der zentralen militärischen Dienststelle, die sich im Zweiten Weltkrieg erfolgreich mit der Entzifferung des verschlüsselten geheimen Nachrichtenverkehrs der deutschen Wehrmacht befasste. Gründungsmitglieder neben Tester waren Jerry Roberts, Denis Oswald und Peter Ericsson.[2]

Geschichte

Ein von Berlin an die Heeresgruppe Kurland am 14. Februar 1945 mithilfe der Lorenz-Schlüsselmaschine verschlüsselt gesendetes Funkfernschreiben, das in B.P. als Tunny-Nachricht entziffert wurde.

Hauptaufgabe der Testery war die möglichst kontinuierliche Fortsetzung des erstmals im Frühjahr des Jahres 1942 durch den britischen Codebreaker Bill Tutte gelungenen Bruchs der deutschen Lorenz-Schlüsselmaschine. Die Wehrmacht nutzte diese hochkomplexe Schlüsselmaschine (Eigenbezeichnung: Schlüsselzusatz 42; kurz: SZ 42) zur Verschlüsselung ihrer strategischen Fernschreibverbindungen, insbesondere zwischen dem Oberkommando der Wehrmacht mit Sitz in Wünsdorf nahe Berlin und den Armeehauptquartieren in Städten wie Rom, Paris, Athen, Kopenhagen, Oslo, Königsberg, Riga, Belgrad, Bukarest und Tunis. Die Briten gaben ihm den Decknamen Tunny („Thunfisch“).[3]

Am 1. Juli 1942 übernahm die Testery unter der Leitung von Ralph Tester diese Aufgabe und führte sie bis zum Kriegsende in Europa erfolgreich fort. Die Personalstärke wuchs in dieser Zeit von vier auf schließlich 118 Mitarbeiterinnen und Mitarbeiter, darunter neun Kryptoanalytiker. Sie hatte ihren Sitz wie ihre Schwesterorganisation, die nach Max Newman benannte Newmanry, in Block F, also einem der in der zweiten Kriegshälfte gebauten Backsteingebäude auf dem Gelände von B.P., das im Jahr 1987 abgerissen wurde.[4]

Mitarbeiter

Unter der Leitung von Ralph Tester wurde in der Testery rund um die Uhr in drei Schichten gearbeitet. Wichtige Mitarbeiter waren:

Literatur

Einzelnachweise

  1. Gordon Welchman: The Hut Six Story – Breaking the Enigma Codes. Allen Lane, London 1982; Cleobury Mortimer M&M, Baldwin Shropshire 2000, S. 11. ISBN 0-947712-34-8
  2. Sian Boyle: Wartime codebreaker who was part of elite Bletchley Park unit that cracked Hitler's secret messages dies aged 93. Daily Mail, 27. März 2014, abgerufen am 17. Februar 2021.
  3. Donald Michie: Colossus and the Breaking of the Wartime „Fish“ Codes. In: Cryptologia. Band 16, Nr. 1, 2002, S. 17–58, doi:10.1080/0161-110291890740 (archive.org [DOC; 220 kB]).
  4. A Virtual Tour of Bletchley Park by Tony Sale (englisch). Abgerufen: 23. Dezember 2016.

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