Kybernetik zweiter Ordnung

Kybernetik zweiter Ordnung bezeichnet eine progressive intellektuelle Bewegung in der Kybernetik, die auf Heinz von Foerster zurückgeht. Er leitet aus der Erzeugung subjektiver Realitäten im Nervensystem eine Theorie ab, die in ihrer extremen Form als Beobachtung der Beobachtung (Beobachtung zweiter Ordnung) den Begriff einer objektiven Realität eliminiert und stattdessen den „Eigenwert“ des kognitiven Systems als Ergebnis von Rekursionsprozessen beschreibt.

Zumindest aber müsse der Beobachter eines Systems, sofern als Teil dessen aufgefasst, in die Beschreibung und Erklärung des Systems mit einbezogen werden.

Literatur

  • Heinz von Foerster: Cybernetics of Cybernetics, The Control of Control and the Communication of Communication – Original edition prepared by the students enrolled in the ‘Cybernetics of Cybernetics’, a course during the Fall Semester 1973 through the Spring Semester of 1974 at the University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois. 2. Auflage. Future Systems Inc., Minneapolis MN 1995, ISBN 0-9647044-0-4.
  • Francis Heylighen & Cliff Joslyn: Cybernetics and Second-Order Cybernetics. (PDF; 218 kB) In: Encyclopedia of Physical Science & Technology.
Allgemeine Teilgebiete der Kybernetik
Grundlagen:

Komplexitätstheorie | Kybernetik zweiter Ordnung | Radikaler Konstruktivismus | Varietät (Kybernetik)

Methoden:

Automatentheorie | Entscheidungstheorie | Spieltheorie | Informationstheorie | Informetrie | Konnektionismus | Semiotik | Synergetik | Systemtheorie | Systemwissenschaft | Künstliche Intelligenz

Anwendung:

Anthropokybernetik | Bildungskybernetik | Biokybernetik | Medizinische Kybernetik | Biomedizinische Kybernetik | Neuroinformatik | Psychokybernetik | Soziokybernetik | Systembiologie | Technische Kybernetik

Read other articles:

بني جيش (الشغادرة)

  لمعانٍ أخرى، طالع بني جيش (توضيح). قرية بنى جيش  - قرية -  تقسيم إداري البلد  اليمن المحافظة محافظة حجة المديرية مديرية الشغادرة العزلة عزلة قلعة حميد السكان التعداد السكاني 2004 السكان 483   • الذكور 248   • الإناث 235   • عدد الأسر 59   • عدد المساكن 61 م...

 

The Byrds

American rock band Not to be confused with The Birds (band). The ByrdsThe Byrds in 1965From left to right: David Crosby, Gene Clark, Michael Clarke, Chris Hillman, and Jim McGuinn[nb 1]Background informationOriginLos Angeles, California, U.S.Genres Rock pop folk rock psychedelia raga rock country rock jangle pop Years active1964–19731989–19912000LabelsColumbiaAsylumElektraSpinoffs The Flying Burrito Brothers Crosby, Stills, Nash & Young Firefall McGuinn, Clark & Hillman th...

 

أليوت فيليز

هذه المقالة يتيمة إذ تصل إليها مقالات أخرى قليلة جدًا. فضلًا، ساعد بإضافة وصلة إليها في مقالات متعلقة بها. (ديسمبر 2018) أليوت فيليز معلومات شخصية الميلاد 24 أبريل 1988 (العمر 35 سنة)ريو بيدراس  [لغات أخرى]‏  الطول 5 قدم 4 بوصة (1.63 م) مركز اللعب مدافع الجنسية الولايا...

Загальнозоологічний заказник

Загальнозоологічний заказник загальнодержавного значення Прище(Рівненська область, Україна) Загальнозоологічний заказник — природно-заповідна територія, що створюється задля забезпечення охорони різноманітного тваринного світу, також є значним природним резерв...

 

Uomo (maschio)

Questa voce o sezione sugli argomenti biologia e antropologia non cita le fonti necessarie o quelle presenti sono insufficienti. Puoi migliorare questa voce aggiungendo citazioni da fonti attendibili secondo le linee guida sull'uso delle fonti. Segui i suggerimenti del progetto di riferimento. Il David di Michelangelo L'uomo è un essere umano adulto di sesso maschile. Si distingue dal maschio prepubere, che può essere chiamato, a seconda dell'età: ragazzo, adolescente, bambino, e dall...

 

Date of Easter

Calculation of its date This article is about how the date of Easter is calculated. For actual dates of Easter from 2001 to 2025, see List of dates for Easter. A calendar of the dates of Easter, for the 95 years 532–626, marble, in the Museum of Ravenna Cathedral, Italy. Five 19-year cycles are represented as concentric circles. Dates are given using the system of the Roman calendar, as well as the day of the lunar month. As a moveable feast,[1][2] the date of Easter is dete...

Judy Chan

In this Hong Kong name, the surname is Chan. In accordance with Hong Kong custom, the Western-style name is Judy Chan and the Chinese-style name is Chan Kapui. Chan Ka-pui in 2023 Judy Chan Kapui (Chinese: 陳家珮; born 4 April 1980) is a Hong Kong politician who is a current member of the Legislative Council of Hong Kong elected through the Elections Committee. She is a member of the New People's Party and was a former member of Southern District Council for South Horizons West, until ...

 

Game On (exhibition)

Exhibition featuring historic video games Game On exhibit at the Tech Museum of Innovation in 2005. Game On is a touring exhibition on the history and culture of computer games. The exhibition was first shown at the Barbican Centre in London in 2002, and has since been exhibited by Barbican International Enterprises to over 20 countries, where it has been seen by over 2 million people.[citation needed] The exhibition displays notable game developments from the early sixties to the pre...

 

Treaty of St. Mary's (1818)

1818 treaties between the United States and Native Americans Treaty of St. Mary's (1818)SignedSeptember–October, 1818LocationSt. Marys, OhioParties  United States Miami Delaware Potawatomi Wyandot Wea LanguageEnglish A marker on the border of the New Purchase near Delphi, Indiana. The Treaty of St. Mary's may refer to one of six treaties concluded in fall of 1818 between the United States and Natives of central Indiana regarding purchase of Native land. The treaties were Treaty with th...

Early (Scritti Politti album)

2005 compilation album by Scritti PolittiEarlyCompilation album by Scritti PolittiReleased14 February 2005Recorded1978–1981Genre Post-punk art pop[1] experimental[2] Length47:13LabelRough TradeScritti Politti chronology Anomie & Bonhomie(1999) Early(2005) White Bread Black Beer(2006) Early is a 2005 compilation by Scritti Politti which collects singles and EPs recorded in the first years of the band's existence, during its early incarnation as a DIY post-punk act...

 

1997 Punjab Legislative Assembly election

State assembly election in India 1997 Punjab Legislative Assembly Election ← 1992 7 February 1997 (1997-02-07) 2002 → All 117 seats to the Vidhan Sabha59 seats needed for a majorityTurnout68.73% (44.91pp)   First party Second party   Leader Parkash Singh Badal Rajinder Kaur Bhattal Party SAD INC Alliance NDA UPA Leader since 1 March 1997 26 February 2002 Leader's seat Lambi and Qila Raipur Lehra Last election 3 87 Seats won 75...

 

The Final Command

This article does not cite any sources. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.Find sources: The Final Command – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR (July 2009) (Learn how and when to remove this template message) 1998 studio album by ParagonThe Final CommandStudio album by ParagonReleasedSeptember 1998GenreHeavy metal, power metalLabelB.O. RecordsProduc...

Pandemi Covid-19 di New Jersey

Pandemi COVID-19 di New Jersey  10.000–15.000 kasus terkonfirmasi   5.000–9.999 kasus terkonfirmasi   1.000–4.999 kasus terkonfirmasi   500–999 kasus terkonfirmasi   100–499 kasus terkonfirmasiPenyakitCOVID-19Galur virusSARS-CoV-2LokasiNew Jersey, ASKasus pertamaBergen CountyTanggal kemunculan2 Maret 2020Kasus terkonfirmasi118.652Kasus sembuh5.856Kematian7.228Situs web resmicovid19.nj.gov Pandemi COVID-19 dikonfirmasi mencapai negara...

 

Daytime Friends (song)

1977 single by Kenny RogersDaytime FriendsSingle by Kenny Rogersfrom the album Daytime Friends B-sideWe Don't Make Love Anymore (US and most other countries)Lying Again (Germany)ReleasedAugust 1, 1977GenreCountryLength3:14LabelUnited ArtistsSongwriter(s)Ben PetersProducer(s)Larry ButlerKenny Rogers singles chronology Lucille (1977) Daytime Friends (1977) Sweet Music Man (1977) Daytime Friends is a song written by Ben Peters and recorded by American country music artist Kenny Rogers. It was re...

 

IRCAM

French research institute For other uses, see Institut royal de la culture amazighe. Western façade of the IRCAM building IRCAM (French: Ircam, Institut de recherche et coordination acoustique/musique, English: Institute for Research and Coordination in Acoustics/Music) is a French institute dedicated to the research of music and sound, especially in the fields of avant garde and electro-acoustical art music. It is situated next to, and is organisationally linked with, the Centre Pompidou in...

Stadion Likas

Stadion Likas pada waktu siang. Stadion Likas adalah sebuah stadion yang terletak di Likas, Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia. Stadion ini dibangun dalam tahun 2001 untuk kejuaraan Olahraga Malaysia dan merupakan yang terbesar di Sabah dengan kapasitas 30.000.[1] Stadion ini digunakan oleh pasukan Sabah FA ini untuk turnamen sepak bola. Acara olahraga yang berlangsung di Stadion Likas Olahraga Malaysia Kejuaraan Sepak Bola Bawah 14 Tahun AFC Piala Malaysia Liga Super Malaysia Liga Malays...

 

Himam

1983 Indian filmHimamPosterDirected byJoshiyWritten byT. DamodaranStarringPrem NazirShankarShanavasSripriyaMusic byShyamProductioncompanyHemnag FilmsDistributed byHemnag FilmsRelease date 18 February 1983 (1983-02-18) CountryIndiaLanguageMalayalam Himam (transl. Snow) is a 1983 Indian Malayalam-language masala film, directed by Joshiy. The film stars Prem Nazir, Shankar, Shanavas and Sripriya. The film has musical score by Shyam.[1][2][3] The movie...

 

Salaman, Magelang

Artikel ini tidak memiliki referensi atau sumber tepercaya sehingga isinya tidak bisa dipastikan. Tolong bantu perbaiki artikel ini dengan menambahkan referensi yang layak. Tulisan tanpa sumber dapat dipertanyakan dan dihapus sewaktu-waktu.Cari sumber: Salaman, Magelang – berita · surat kabar · buku · cendekiawan · JSTOR Untuk artikel tentang ibukota Kabupaten Magelang, lihat Mungkid (Kota). SalamanKecamatanTugu Bunderan Salaman, MagelangNegara In...

Diablo IV

У этого термина существуют и другие значения, см. Diablo. Diablo IV Разработчик Blizzard Entertainment Team 3 Издатель Blizzard Entertainment Часть серии Diablo Дата анонса 1 ноября 2019 Дата выпуска 6 июня 2023 Лицензия проприетарная Жанры action/RPG, Hack and slash Создатели Руководитель Луис Баррига Композиторы Дерек ...

 

Gemeen Brest

Wapen/Flagg Koort Basisdaten Bundsland: Neddersassen Landkreis: Stood Samtgemeen: Harsfeld Flach: 24,57 km² Inwahners: 779 (31. Dezember 2022) Hööchd: 29 m över de See Postleettall: 21698 Vörwahl: 04166, 04762 Geograafsche Laag: Koordinaten:53° 26′ N, 9° 23′ O53° 26′ N, 9° 23′ O Grenzen bi OSM: 446431  Gemeenslötel: 03 3 59 008 Öörd in de Gemeen: 3 Börgermeester: Johann Höft Websteed: www.brest.de KoortKreis Laag von de Gemeen Gemeen Brest in’n Landkreis Stood (K...

 

Strategi Solo vs Squad di Free Fire: Cara Menang Mudah!