István Kende

István Kende (* 13. März 1917 in Maramarossziget, Königreich Ungarn; † 13. November 1988 in Budapest) war ein ungarischer Friedensforscher.

Leben

István Kende wurde als Sohn eines Bergwerksangestellten jüdischer Herkunft geboren. Er war Professor für die Geschichte der internationalen politischen Beziehungen an der Karl-Marx-Universität für Ökonomie in Budapest.[1] International bekannt wurde er durch seine in der Friedensforschung weithin anerkannten Definition des Kriegsbegriffs.

Kriegsmerkmale nach Kende

Nach seiner Lesart zeigt ein Krieg folgende Merkmale auf:

  1. zwei oder mehr bewaffnete Streitkräfte mit regulären Streitkräften der Regierung (Militär, paramilitärische Verbände, Polizeieinheiten) auf mindestens einer Seite;
  2. ein Mindestmaß an zentral gelenkter Organisation der Kriegführenden und des Kampfes, selbst wenn dies nicht mehr bedeutet als organisierte bewaffnete Verteidigung oder planmäßige Überfälle (Guerillaoperationen, Partisanenkrieg usw.);
  3. bewaffnete Operationen mit einer gewissen Kontinuierlichkeit und nicht nur als gelegentliche, spontane Zusammenstöße, d. h. beide Seiten operieren nach einer planmäßigen Strategie.[2]

Werke (Auswahl)

  • Kriege nach 1945 : eine empirische Untersuchung, Frankfurt/Main : Haag und Herchen, 1982, ISBN 3-88129-585-2
  • Über die Kriege seit 1945, mit einer Zusammenstellung der Kriege von 1945 - 1982, Bonn-Bad Godesberg : Dt. Ges. für Friedens- u. Konfliktforschung, 1982, DGFK-Hefte; Nr. 16
  • Local wars in Asia, Africa and Latin America, 1945- 1969, Budapest, Center for Afro-Asian Research, 1972
  • Forró béke, hidegháború – a diplomáciai kapcsolatok története 1945–1956. Kossuth Könyvkiado, Budapest 1970.

Einzelnachweise

  1. ↑ Geschichte in Wissenschaft und Unterricht, Band 33, Verband der Geschichtslehrer Deutschlands, Verlag E. Klett, 1982, Seite 638
  2. ↑ Kriegsdefinitionen und Konflikttypologien. Bundeszentrale für politische Bildung, September 2011, abgerufen am 4. Juli 2023.
Personendaten
NAME Kende, István
KURZBESCHREIBUNG ungarischer Friedensforscher
GEBURTSDATUM 13. März 1917
GEBURTSORT Maramarossziget, Königreich Ungarn
STERBEDATUM 13. November 1988
STERBEORT Budapest

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