Glucocerebrosidase

Glucocerebrosidase
Glucocerebrosidase
Bändermodell des GBA-Tetramer, nach PDB 3GXI

Vorhandene Strukturdaten: 1OGS, 1Y7V, 2F61, 2J25, 2NSX, 2NT0, 2NT1, 2V3D, 2V3E, 2V3F, 2VT0, 2WCG, 2WKL, 2XWD, 2XWE, 3GXD, 3GXF, 3GXI, 3GXM, 3KE0, 3KEH, 3RIK, 3RIL

Eigenschaften des menschlichen Proteins
Masse/Länge Primärstruktur 536 Aminosäuren
Kofaktor Saposin-C, anionische Phospholipide
Isoformen 3
Bezeichner
Gen-Namen
Externe IDs
Arzneistoffangaben
ATC-Code A16AB01
A16AB02
DrugBank
Enzymklassifikation
EC, Kategorie
Reaktionsart glycolytische Spaltung
Substrat Glucocerebrosid (D-Glucosyl-N-Acylsphingosin), Wasser
Produkte D-Glucose und N-Acylsphingosin
Vorkommen
Homologie-Familie Glycosylceramidase
Übergeordnetes Taxon Lebewesen
Orthologe
Mensch Hausmaus
Entrez 2629 14466
Ensembl ENSG00000177628 ENSMUSG00000028048
UniProt P04062 P17439
Refseq (mRNA) NM_000157 NM_001077411
Refseq (Protein) NP_000148 NP_001070879
Genlocus Chr 1: 155.23 – 155.24 Mb Chr 3: 89.2 – 89.21 Mb
PubMed-Suche 2629 14466

Glucocerebrosidase (im deutschen Sprachraum auch Glukozerebrosidase, chemisch auch Glucosylceramidase) ist ein Enzym, das die Hydrolyse der β-glucosidischen Bindung von Glucocerebrosid (D-Glucosyl-N-Acylsphingosin), einer Zwischenstufe des Glycolipid-Stoffwechsels, katalysiert. Die Glucosylceramidase ist ein lysosomales Protein.

Mutationen in dem entsprechenden Gen sind die Ursache des Morbus Gaucher, einer lysosomalen Speicherkrankheit. Die vom Enzym abgeleiteten Wirkstoffe Alglucerase, Velaglucerase und Imiglucerase werden als Ersatz bei dieser Mangelkrankheit verabreicht.[1]

Mittlerweile wird auch ein erhöhtes Risiko von heterozygoten Trägern von Glucocerebrosidasemutationen für Morbus Parkinson beobachtet. Insbesondere tritt die Erkrankung früher auf als bei der Normalbevölkerung. Die bei Parkinson feststellbare Anhäufung von α-Synuclein in den Lysosomen ist direkt auf einen Glucosylceramidase-Mangel zurückzuführen.[2][3][4]

Katalysierte Reaktion

Beta-D-Glucosylceramid + H2O ⇒ Ceramid + Glucose

Von β-D-Glucosylceramid wird Glukose abgespalten.

Literatur

Einzelnachweise

  1. Horowitz M, Zimran A: Mutations causing Gaucher disease. In: Hum. Mutat. 3. Jahrgang, Nr. 1, 1994, S. 1–11, doi:10.1002/humu.1380030102, PMID 8118460.
  2. Aharon-Peretz J, Rosenbaum H, Gershoni-Baruch R: Mutations in the glucocerebrosidase gene and Parkinson's disease in Ashkenazi Jews. N Engl J Med. 2004 Nov 4;351(19):1972-7. PMID 15525722
  3. T. M. Dawson, V. L. Dawson: A lysosomal lair for a pathogenic protein pair. In: Science Translational Medicine. Band 3, Nummer 91, Juli 2011, S. 91ps28, doi:10.1126/scitranslmed.3002808. PMID 21753118.
  4. J. R. Mazzulli, Y. H. Xu u. a.: Gaucher disease glucocerebrosidase and α-synuclein form a bidirectional pathogenic loop in synucleinopathies. In: Cell. Band 146, Nummer 1, Juli 2011, S. 37–52. doi:10.1016/j.cell.2011.06.001. PMID 21700325. PMC 3132082 (freier Volltext).

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