Share to: share facebook share twitter share wa share telegram print page

Diole

Beispiele für ein 1,2-Diol (1,2-Ethandiol, oben), ein 1,3-Diol (1,3-Propandiol, Mitte) und ein 1,4-Diol (1,4-Butandiol, unten).
Beispiele für ein jeweils cyclisches cis-Diol (oben) und ein trans-Diol (unten).
Strukturformel von Polyethylenglycol, ein α,ω-Diol

Diole sind organische Verbindungen, die zwei alkoholische Hydroxygruppen (–OH) enthalten, also zweiwertige Alkohole (Dialkohole).

Ein Beispiel für ein einfaches, stabiles Diol ist Ethylenglycol (1,2-Ethandiol).

Einteilung

Alkandiole

Je nach relativer Stellung der beiden alkoholischen Hydroxygruppen im Molekül unterscheidet man zwischen

Geminale Diole, bei denen die Hydroxygruppen am gleichen C-Atom stehen, sind nach der Erlenmeyer-Regel nicht stabil und reagieren unter Abspaltung von Wasser. Es gibt jedoch Ausnahmen wie Chloralhydrat oder Ninhydrin.

Bei 1,2-Diolen, die z. B. von einem Cycloalkan abgeleitet sind, unterscheidet man zwischen cis-1,2-Diolen und trans-1,2-Diolen.[1]

Polyethylenglycole

α,ω-Diole die durch Kondensation von Ethylenglycol entstehen Diethylenglycol, Triethylenglycol, Polyethylenglycol.

Endiole

Endiole (oder Reduktone) sind eine Untergruppe der Diole.

Aldehydhydrate

Das formal einfachste – nur in wässriger Lösung stabile – Diol ist das Aldehydhydrat des Formaldehyds, das Methandiol. Viele Lehrbücher zählen Aldehydhydrate allerdings nicht zu den Diolen.

Dihydroxybenzole

Dihydroxybenzole zählen nicht zu den Diolen, ebenso wie Phenol nicht zu den Alkoholen gerechnet wird.[2][3]

Verwendung

1,2-Ethandiol wird als Frostschutzmittel in wassergekühlten Verbrennungsmotoren und in Klimaanlagen verwendet. Diole werden in der chemischen Industrie bei der Herstellung von Polyestern, Polycarbonaten und Polyurethanen mittels Polykondensation und Polyaddition (bei Polyurethan) benötigt. Kunststofffasern aus Polyestern finden in der Textilindustrie unter dem Handelsnamen Diolen Verwendung.

Wiktionary: Diol – Bedeutungserklärungen, Wortherkunft, Synonyme, Übersetzungen

Einzelnachweise

  1. Siegfried Hauptmann: Organische Chemie. 2. Auflage. Deutscher Verlag für Grundstoffindustrie, Leipzig 1985, ISBN 3-342-00280-8, S. 235–236.
  2. Brockhaus ABC Chemie. F. A. Brockhaus Verlag, Leipzig 1965, S. 44.
  3. Otto-Albrecht Neumüller (Hrsg.): Römpps Chemie-Lexikon. Band 1: A–Cl. 8. neubearbeitete und erweiterte Auflage. Franckh’sche Verlagshandlung, Stuttgart 1979, ISBN 3-440-04511-0, S. 122–123.

Read other articles:

جزء من سلسلة مقالات حولالبهائية المؤسسون بهاء الله الباب التاريخ تاريخ البهائية البابية الأزلية شخصيات رئيسة بهاء الله عبد البهاء بهية خانم شوقي أفندي الباب حروف الحي الطاهرة ميرزا محمد علي المعتقدات البهائية المعتقدات البهائية المساواة بين الجنسين في البهائية وحدة الجن

Assedio della Mirandola (1321)parte guerra tra Guelfi e GhibelliniMirandolaData28 novembre - 31 dicembre 1321 LuogoMirandola, Emilia-Romagna EsitoVittoria del duca Passerino e castello raso al suolo SchieramentiGhibellini: Signoria di MirandolaGuelfi: Signoria di Mantova Comandanti Francesco I Pico Bartolomeo Pico Giovanni Pico Rinaldo dei Bonacolsi Francesco dei Bonacolsi Voci di battaglie presenti su Wikipedia Manuale V · D · MBattaglie tra guelfi e ghibellini1150 – ...

O torneio de hóquei sobre a grama nos Jogos Olímpicos de Verão de 1976 foi realizado em Montreal, no Canadá. Pela primeira vez na história foi usada grama artificial no torneio olímpico. Devido ao boicote africano aos Jogos no último momento, a equipe de hóquei do Quênia, que deveria integrar o grupo B, desistiu do torneio, reduzindo para onze o número de participantes. Medalhistas Nova Zelândia Paul Ackerley Jeff Archibald Arthur Borren Alan Chesney John Christensen Greg Dayman To...

enzima convertidora de angiotensina 1 Renderización de la estructura molecular de la ECA1. Registrada en el PDB con el código 1o86.Estructuras disponiblesPDB Buscar ortólogos: PDBe, RCSB  Estructuras enzimáticasRCSB PDB, PDBe, PDBsum IdentificadoresNomenclatura  Otros nombresPeptidil-dipeptidasa A 1 Símbolos ACE (HGNC: 2707) DCP, DCP1, CD143Identificadoresexternos OMIM: 138190 EBI: ACEGeneCards: Gen ACEUniProt: ACE  Bases de datos de enzimasIntEnz: entrada en Int...

Gereja Yesus Sejati Kota Salatigaꦒꦿꦺꦗꦪꦺꦱꦸꦱ꧀ꦱꦗꦠꦶꦱꦭꦠꦶꦒNama sebagaimana tercantum dalamSistem Registrasi Nasional Cagar Budaya Cagar budaya IndonesiaKategoriBangunanNo. RegnasBelum ada (Pengajuan 27 Mei 2015)LokasikeberadaanJalan Diponegoro No. 11, Kelurahan Salatiga, Kecamatan Sidorejo, Kota Salatiga, Provinsi Jawa TengahTanggal SKMenunggu ketetapanPemilikGereja Yesus Sejati SalatigaPengelolaGereja Yesus Sejati Salatiga Gereja Yesus Sejati Salatiga (Jawa...

This article has multiple issues. Please help improve it or discuss these issues on the talk page. (Learn how and when to remove these template messages) This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.Find sources: Edvard Grieg's music in popular culture – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR (December 2014) (Lear...

هذه المقالة يتيمة إذ تصل إليها مقالات أخرى قليلة جدًا. فضلًا، ساعد بإضافة وصلة إليها في مقالات متعلقة بها. (يناير 2021) شعبية الكرتون النوع رسوم متحركة - كوميدي تأليف حيدر محمد إخراج عامر كوخ الموسم 1 إلى 5 حيدر محمد الموسم 6 إلى 17 بطولة محمد بن فاضلإبراهيم بن فاضلعدنان الحميد ال...

Campaigns of genocide within German-occupied Estonia during WWII Corpses found by the Soviet authorities at the Klooga concentration camp after the Nazi German forces' departure (late 1944) The Holocaust in Estonia refers to the Nazi crimes during the 1941-1944 occupation of Estonia by Nazi Germany. Prior to the war, there were approximately 4,300 Estonian Jews. During the 1940-1941 Soviet occupation of Estonia, about 10% of the Jewish population was deported to Siberia, along with other Esto...

British actor Trevor EveEve at the 2008 BAFTA Television AwardsBornTrevor John Eve (1951-07-01) 1 July 1951 (age 72)Sutton Coldfield, Birmingham, EnglandOccupationActorYears active1974–presentSpouse Sharon Maughan ​(m. 1980)​Children3; including Alice Trevor John Eve (born 1 July 1951) is an English actor. In 1979 he gained fame as the eponymous lead in the detective series Shoestring and is also known for his role as Detective Superintendent Peter Boy...

Level of light so dim that there are physiological and psychological effects For other uses, see Gloom (disambiguation). Gloomy mudflats at Bo'ness Gloom is a low level of light which is so dim that there are physiological and psychological effects. Human vision at this level becomes monochrome and has lessened clarity. Optical and psychological effects Light conditions may be considered gloomy when the level of light in an environment is too low for the proper function of cone cells, and col...

Norwegian curler Magnus VågbergCurlerBorn (1995-12-23) 23 December 1995 (age 27)Oslo, Norway[1]TeamCurling clubOppdal CK, Oppdal, NORSkipSteffen WalstadThirdMagnus NedregottenSecondMathias BrændenLeadMagnus VågbergAlternateAndreas HårstadCurling career Member Association NorwayWorld Championshipappearances2 (2018, 2021)European Championshipappearances4 (2018, 2019, 2021, 2022)Olympicappearances1 (2022) Medal record Men's Curling Representing  Norway World Junior Cha...

1965 Argentina rugby union tour of Rhodesia and South AfricaOfficial photo of the touring teamManagerEmilio JutardCoach(es)Alberto CamardónTour captain(s)Aitor OtañoTop point scorer(s)Eduardo Poggi (95)Top try scorer(s)Aitor Otaño Luis Loyola (7 each)SummaryP W D L Total16 11 01 04Test match01 01 00 00OpponentP W D L Junior Springboks1 1 0 0 The 1965 Argentina rugby union tour of South Africa and Rhodesia was a series of 16 matches played by the Argentina national team in May and June 1965...

American singer-songwriter Johnny RebelBackground informationBirth nameClifford Joseph TrahanAlso known asJohnny Pee Wee BlaineJericho JonesJimmy Pee Wee KrebsTommy ToddJohnny Pee Wee TrahanJohnny Pee Wee TrayhanBorn(1938-09-25)September 25, 1938Moss Bluff, Louisiana, U.S.DiedSeptember 3, 2016(2016-09-03) (aged 77)Rayne, Louisiana, U.S.GenresCountrywhite power musicswamp popfolkOccupation(s)SingersongwritermusicianInstrument(s)VocalsguitarYears active1966–2003LabelsAggWoodFlyrightTry I...

Chemical compound LymecyclineClinical dataTrade namesTetralysalAHFS/Drugs.comInternational Drug NamesRoutes ofadministrationBy mouthATC codeJ01AA04 (WHO) Legal statusLegal status AU: S4 (Prescription only) Pharmacokinetic dataBioavailability100% (oral)Elimination half-life10 hoursExcretionKidneyIdentifiers IUPAC name (2S)-6-[[[(Z)-[(4S,4aS,5aS,6S,12aS) -4-(Dimethylamino)-6,10,11,12a-tetrahydroxy-6-methyl-1,3,12-trioxo-4,4a,5,5a-tetrahydrotetracen-2-ylidene]-hydroxymethyl]amino]...

7e cérémonie des César César du cinéma Organisé par l'Académie des arts et techniques du cinéma Détails Date 27 février 1982 Lieu Salle Pleyel, Paris France Présentateur Jean-Pierre Aumont Diffusé sur Antenne 2 Site web www.academie-cinema.org Résumé Meilleur film La Guerre du feu Meilleur réalisateur Jean-Jacques AnnaudLa Guerre du feu Meilleur acteur Michel SerraultGarde à vue Meilleure actrice Isabelle AdjaniPossession Chronologie 6e cérémonie des César 8e ...

Species of moth Anuga multiplicans Scientific classification Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Arthropoda Class: Insecta Order: Lepidoptera Family: Noctuidae Genus: Anuga Species: A. multiplicans Binomial name Anuga multiplicansWalker, 1858 Anuga multiplicans is a moth of the family Noctuidae first described by Francis Walker in 1858.[1] It is found in India, Sri Lanka,[2] Hong Kong, Korea, Taiwan, Philippines and Borneo. Forewings darker and with subtornal orange spot. Discal sp...

Uruguayan footballer and manager (born 1929) Not to be confused with José Luis Santamaría. In this Spanish name, the first or paternal surname is Santamaría and the second or maternal family name is Iglesias. José Santamaría Santamaría in 1976Personal informationFull name José Emilio Santamaría IglesiasDate of birth (1929-07-31) 31 July 1929 (age 94)Place of birth Montevideo, UruguayHeight 1.79 m (5 ft 10 in)Position(s) Centre-backYouth career Atlético Poc...

Sean BerginBackground informationBorn(1948-06-29)29 June 1948Durban, South AfricaDied1 September 2012(2012-09-01) (aged 64)Amsterdam, NetherlandsGenresAvant-garde jazzOccupation(s)Musician, composer, educator, bandleaderInstrument(s)Saxophone, fluteYears active1970s–2000sLabelsNimbus, Data, BV HaastMusical artist Sean Bergin (29 June 1948 – 1 September 2012) was an avant-garde jazz saxophonist and flautist from South Africa.[1][2] Bergin was born in Durban on 29 June ...

This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.Find sources: Kandachira – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR (May 2018) (Learn how and when to remove this template message) Village in Kerala, IndiaKandachiraVillageKandachiraCoordinates: 9°05′34″N 76°51′40″E / 9.0927°N 76.8612°E...

Artikel ini perlu dikembangkan agar dapat memenuhi kriteria sebagai entri Wikipedia.Bantulah untuk mengembangkan artikel ini. Jika tidak dikembangkan, artikel ini akan dihapus. Bagian dari seri tentangPerpajakan Aspek kebijakan fiskal Dasar hukumUndang-undang  · Peraturan Pemerintah  · Keputusan Menteri Keuangan Kebijakan Pendapatan pemerintah Ekualisasi pajak properti Pendapatan pajak Penerimaan Negara Bukan Pajak Hukum pajak Golongan pajak Penghasilan tidak kena pajak ...

Kembali kehalaman sebelumnya